Digitalisation increases employers’ ability to manage, control, instruct and scrutinize employees' work performance, behaviour and location. If the same tools are used to individualize sanctions or reward achievements or behaviours, the balance of power between the trade union collective and the employer side is challenged.
The increasing deployment of robots and artificial intelligence (AI) systems is introducing new layers of critical infrastructures in various areas of our society. This, in turn, contributes to new digital vulnerabilities and poses novel legal and regulatory questions.