Inger Johanne Sand
Background
Cand.jur. 1981. Dr.juris. 1994 on the dissertation "Styring av kompleksitet. Rettslige former for statlig rammestyring og desentralisert statsforvaltning" ("Governing complexity. Legal forms of centralised and decentralised public administration.") (Published 1996). Professor in public law 2002. Affiliated with research programs under the Norwegian Research Council: - LOS-programmet (Leadership, organisation og governing), 1988-1996, (member of the board 1993-96.), - ARENA (Advanced Research on the Europeanisation of the Nation-state) 1993-2002 (member of the board 1993-95, full time researcher 1996-97). Visiting fellow at the European University Institute spring term 2001. Member of several governmental commissions, head of commisssion on the use of state corporations for services of general interest, 2003). Member of Regional committee on ethics for medical research (eastern region), 2001- . Head of departement Ministry of Finance 1985-86.
Research interests
Multidisiciplinary research in general public law and in certain specific fields, cfr. below, covering several crossboundary themes in administrative and constitutional law, EU-law, environmental law, legal sociology og legal theory. Doctoral dissertation on administrative and organisational legal reform in public administration 1985-94. Changes are discussed in relation to long term trajectories exemplified by the concepts rule-of-law, planning and welfare state and network state and in relation to theories on procedural and reflexive law. Post-doctoral research has included the following areas:
1) The further development of public and state organisational models with a specific interest in the use of state corporations and foundations attached to public and state administration particularly in relation to organization of services of general economic interest. The development of forms of public and regulatory law, particularly concerning procedural, discretionary, selfregulatory and reflexive law.
2)EEA- and EU-law with a specific focus on the relationship between trade and the protection of health and the environment, and on competition law, state subsidies and services of general economic interest. The treaty and constitutional development of the EU and between the EU and the EEA and their member states.
3) The development of an increasingly comprehensive public international law as well as an increasing network of transnational law, both including areas such as trade law, environmental law, human rights, penal law and an international constitutional law. This includes the study of new concepts such as transnational and governance on international relations and the increasing relevance also of private actors in international governance.
4) Environmental law with a focus on the regulation of bio- and genetic techologies, including the devolpment of the precautionary principle and the relationship between trade and protection of health and the environment internationally.
5) Legal theory studies with an emphasis on modern and current legal theories (such as Niklas Luhmann, Gunther Teubner, Jürgen Habermas, Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida and the directions of ciritical legal theory in the Nordic countries, Europe and the US). Legal theories are also applied in contexta with some of the emerging and current changes in the legal regimes mentioned above. That is: - the increasing Europeanisation and internationalisation of law, - the regulation of bio- and genetic technologies, - competition and trade law and environmental protection/services of general economic interest, - changes in the preconditions of democratic government as well as changes in the relations between public and private spheres.
International cooperation: - Project on "Transnational governance and Constitutionalism" at European University Institute, Florence; - Changes in the forms of public administration and legal regulation, in cooperation with researchers at Copenhagen Business School (institute of management, politics and philosophy); - Legal Theory network among Nordic colleagues in Gothenburg, Copenhagen, Lund, Helsinki; - member of Committee on Biotechnology of the International Law Association.
Some publications are on the ARENAs web site. (Workingpapers: no.8, 18 and 29/1997, no.14/2000, no.4/2002
See also: articles in European Law Journal, no.3, vol.4, 1998, Zeitschrift für Rechtssoziologie, Bd.22, H.2, 2001; and in "Transnational Governance and Constitutionalism", eds. Joerges, Sand, Teubner, Oxford: Hart, 2004.
Publications
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2012). Hybridization, change and the expansion of law, In Inger Johanne Sand & Niels Åkerstrøm Andersen (ed.), Hybrid forms of governance : self-suspension of power. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-34801-1. Kapittel 10. s 186 - 204
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2012). International law between global trade, human rights, new technologies and ethics - a reflection on different legal cultures, In Pro Natura : Festskrift til Hans Christian Bugge på 70-årsdagen 2012. Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 978-82-15-01953-6. s 420 - 437
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2012). Rettssosiologisk teori i komplekse samfunn: Hva slags teori har vi behov for?. Kritisk juss. ISSN 0804-7375. 38(3-4), s 181- 203
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2011). A Comment on Kjær. The Concept of the Political in the Concept of Constitutionalism, In Christian Joerges (ed.), After Globalisation. New Patterns of Conflict and their Sociological and Legal Re-constructions. ARENA report. ISBN 9788293137320. chapter 11. s 323 - 332
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2011). Niklas Luhmann´s Theories of Law in the Twenty-first Century, In Knut-Erich Papendorf; Stefan Machura & Kristian Andenæs (ed.), Understanding Law in Society. Developments in Socio-legal Studies. (Society and Law. Volume 7). LIT Verlag. ISBN 978-3-643-90072-2. artikkel. s 109 - 119
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2010). Constitutionalism and the Multi-Coded Treaties of the EU: Changing the Concepts of Constitutionality, In Kaarlo Tuori & Suvi Sankari (ed.), The Many Constitutions of Europe. Ashgate. ISBN 978-1-4094-0468-2. Kapitel. s 49 - 67
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2010). Legitimacy in global and international law: A sociological critique, In Chris Thornhill & Samantha Ashenden (ed.), Legality and Legitimacy: Normative and Sociological Approaches. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft. ISBN 978-3-8329-5354-6. kapittel 7. s 145 - 166
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2010). Teoretiske utfordringer for rettssosiologien i globaliseringens tid, I: Bettina Lemann Kristiansen & Anette Storgaard (red.), Nordisk retssociologi. Jurist- og Økonomforbundets Forlag. ISBN 9788757424164. Kapitel. s 131 - 148
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2009). Hybrid Law - Law in a Global Society of Differentiation and Change, In Gralf-Peter Calliess; Andreas Fischer-Lescano; Dan Wielsch & Peer Zumbansen (ed.), Soziologische Jurisprudenz: Festschrift für Gunther Teubner. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-89949-501-0. IV. Transnationalisierung des Rechts. s 871 - 886
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2009). Judicial Review in Norway under Recent Conditions of European Law and International Human Rights Law – A Comment.. Nordisk tidsskrift for menneskerettigheter. ISSN 1503-6480. 27(2), s 160- 169
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2009). Retten som medskaper av sosial mening i komplekse samfunn., I: Helga Aune; Ole Kristian Fauchald; Kåre Lilleholt & Dag Michalsen (red.), Arbeid og rett. Festskrift til Henning Jakhellns 70-årsdag. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISBN 978-82-02-30235-1. Bidrag. s 531 - 546
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2008). (Re)Constructing the Boundaries of the Market: EU Law and Institutions Analysed through the Lens of Discontinuity, In Hanne Petersen; Anne Lise Kjær; Helle Krunke & Mikael Rask Madsen (ed.), Paradoxes of European Legal Integration. Ashgate. ISBN 9780754673712. Chapter 8. s 89 - 110
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2008). Retten som medskaper av sosial mening i komplekse samfunn, I: Claes Martinson; Andreas Moberg & Eva-Maria Svensson (red.), Marstrandsseminariet 10 år 1998-2007. Juridiska institutionen vid Handelshögskolan, Göteborgs Universitet. ISBN 9197480789. Kapittel 9. s 33 - 58
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2008). The complexity of regulating the risks and the ethics of modern biotechnology. The role of law, politics and ethics, In Helle Tegner Anker & Birgitte Egelund Olsen (ed.), Miljøretlige emner: Festskrift til Ellen Margrethe Basse. Jurist- og Økonomforbundets Forlag. ISBN 978-87-574-1918-4. Kapittel 4. s 67 - 80
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2008). The interaction of society, politics and law the legal and communicative theories of Habermas, Luhmann and Teubner. Scandinavian Studies in Law. ISSN 0085-5944. 53, s 45- 75
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2007). From National Sovereignty to International and Global Cooperation: The Changing Context and Challenges of Constitutional Law in a Global Society. Scandinavian Studies in Law. ISSN 0085-5944. s 273- 298
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2006). Offentlige tjenester mellom stat, samfunn og marked, I: Carsten Henrichsen; Steen Rønsholdt & Peter Blume (red.), Forvaltningsretlige perspektiver. Jurist- og Økonomforbundets Forlag. ISBN 87-574-1416-5. Kapittel. s 107 - 134
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2006). The Fragmentation of law on the global level, In Henning Jakhelln; Ole Kristian Fauchald & Aslak Syse (ed.), dog Fred er ej det Bedste... Festskrift til C.A. Fleischer på hans 70-årsdag 26.august 2006. Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 82-15-00960-3. Kapittel. s 481 - 496
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2005). Hva er rettens rolle i dag? Forholdet mellom rett, politikk og makt, belyst ved nyere teori og eksempler fra globaliseringsdiskusjonen og Makt- og demokratiutredningen, I: Rettsliggjøring, kvinner, makt og politikk. Institutt for kriminologi og rettssosiologi. ISBN 82-7100-143-4. Kapittel.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2005). Retten i det polykontekstuelle samfunn. Retfærd. Nordisk Juridisk Tidsskrift. ISSN 0105-1121. 28(4 = 111), s 1- 28
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2005). Retten i det polykontekstuelle samfunn. Hvordan skal vi analysere og forstå den?. Retfærd. Nordisk Juridisk Tidsskrift. ISSN 0105-1121. 28(4)
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2004). Poly-Contexturality as an Alternative to Constitutionalism, In Inger Johanne Sand; Christian Joerges & Gunther Teubner (ed.), Transnational Governance and Constitutionalism. Hart Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-84113-435-X. artikkel.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2004). Stat og ledelse i det polycentriske samfund, I: Dorthe Pedersen (red.), Offentlig ledelse i managementstaten. Samfundslitteratur. ISBN 87-593-1002-2. Del 1, kapitel 2. s 64 - 84
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2003). Governmentality, Biopolitics and the EU, In Kimmo Nuotio (ed.), Europe in Search of Meaning and Purpose. Faculty Forum, Helsinki University. ISBN 952-10-0914-4. artikkel. s 149 - 170
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2001). Niklas Luhmanns teorier om retten. Kritisk juss. ISSN 0804-7375. 28(3-4)
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2001). The legal regulation of the environment and new technologies - in view of changing relations between law, politics and science. Zeitschrift für Rechtssoziologie, nr.2, vol.22, 2001. vol.22(2), s 1- 33
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2000). A Future or a Demise for the Theory of the Sociology of Law: Law as a normative, social and communicative function of society. Retfærd. Nordisk Juridisk Tidsskrift. ISSN 0105-1121. 23(4)
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2000). Niklas Luhmann: makt og kommunikasjon, I: Iver B. Neumann & Inger Johanne Sand (red.), Maktens strateger. Pax, Oslo.
- Sand, Inger Johanne & Neumann, Iver B. (2000). Maktens utfoldelser, I: Iver B. Neumann & Inger Johanne Sand (red.), Maktens strateger. Pax, Oslo.
- Sand, Inger Johanne & Andersen, Niels Åkerstrøm (ed.) (2012). Hybrid forms of governance : self-suspension of power. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-34801-1. 239 s.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2005). The Regulation of Vital Risks, Uncertainties and Scientific Contorversies. The Case of Regulating New Bio- and Genetic Technologies. Jurist- og Økonomforbundets Forlag. ISBN 87-574-1318-5. 216 s.
- Sand, Inger Johanne; Hellum, Anne & Andenæs, Kristian (2005). Rettsliggjøring, kvinner, makt og politikk. Institutt for kriminologi og rettssosiologi. ISBN 82-7100-143-4. 76 s.
- Sand, Inger Johanne; Joerges, Christian & Teubner, Gunther (ed.) (2004). Transnational Governance and Constitutionalism. Hart Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-84113-435-X. 400 s.
- Neumann, Iver B. & Sand, Inger Johanne (red.) (2000). Maktens strateger. Pax, Oslo.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2012). European legal method: - a new teleology, law-in-context, a new legal realism or hybrid law?.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2012). Justice and security in the 21st century: Risks, rights and rule-of-law.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2012). The many codes of constitutions and their relevance to the current crisis.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2012). The qualities of a rule-of-law court system when confronted with complex and political cases.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2012). "What can the Law do in a changing Society".
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2011). A Comment to The Future of Integration through Law – in conflicts-law perspectives.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2011). A typical European Way of looking at politics. A comment to J.P.Olsen "Governing through Instituion Building".
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2011). Globalization and the transcendence of the public/private divide – What is public law under conditions of globalization.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2011). International Constitutionalism.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2011). International law between a global economy, risk society and ethics - a new dynamics of law.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2011). Negotiating and Redefining the boundaries between constitutions, sovereignty, transnational and international law - new normative patterns in legal and political institutions.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2011). Nordisk, europeisk og internasjonal rett - Hvilket samfunn skal den offentlige retten regulere for?.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2011). The Multiple codes of a Constitution.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2010). Comment to Self-subversive Justice.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2010). Comment to concept of the political in the concept of transnational constitutionalism.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2010). International law between a global economy, risk society and ethics.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2010). The changing relations between law and politics: How law has become more constitutive of politics.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2010). The multiple codes of constitutions as an explanation to constitutional change.
- Lacey, Nicola & Sand, Inger Johanne (2009). Gjesteforelesning ved Nicola Lacey: Women, Crime and Character.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2009). Cosmopoliotan justice and risk society.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2009). Does international constitutionalism change the concept and our use of constitutions.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2009). Niklas Luhmann´s Sociology of Law, a comment.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2009). Rettens evolusjon - formel, materiel, refleksiv og hybrid rett.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2009). The juridical, the political, the economic, the social constitution of Europe. The multi-coded teraties of Europe.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2007). Law – in time of war, multi-culturalism and global change: Communicative complexity, fragmentation or loss of context.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2007). The New International Law - Between constitutionalsim, new legal regines and fragmentation. The consequences of a more global dynamics..
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2006). Demokratiets nye betingelser i en mer globalisert verden. Retfærd. Nordisk Juridisk Tidsskrift. ISSN 0105-1121. (4), s 79- 86
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2005). Rettslige utviklingslinjer.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2004). The challenges of regulating bio and genetic technologies on an international level: International markets vs. local and regional cultures and ethics.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2003). Hvordan nasjonal rett påvirkes av rettens internasjonalisering.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2003). Introduksjon til rettsteori.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2003). Nyere rettsteori med utgangspunkt i Gadamers hermeneutiske teori.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2003). Regulation of bio technology - regulating the impossible.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2003). The Languages of Law.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2003). The Legal Regulation of Biotechnology - between Science, Uncertainty and Ethics.
- Sand, Inger Johanne; Pettersen, Inger-Johanne; Boye, Knut; Lien, Øystein & Aarbakke, Asle (red.) (2003). Mellom stat og marked. Selvstendige organisasjonsformer i staten. NOU 2003: 34.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2002). Biopolitics and consequences for the concept of the state.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2002). Bruken av stiftelseri Norge.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2002). Changes in the organization of public administration and in the relations between the public and the private sectors.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2002). Changes in the organization of public administrationn and in the relations between the public and the private sectors. Consequences of the evolution of Europeanization, globalization and risk society.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2002). Global, regional og nasjonal regulering av bio- og genteknologi.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2002). Governance og rettens utvikling og utfordringer.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2002). Nettverksstaten og de nye helseforetakene.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2002). Rettsteorier - fra formålsbestemte til prosedurale,refleksive og mangetydige begreper.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2002). The Concept of Governance.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2002). The legal regulation of the environment and new technologies.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2002). Theories and models of governmentality in the EU. From liberal markets to bio-politics.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2002). Transnational Governance and Constitutionalism.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2001). A Socio-legal view on the Legal Regulation of Risk, Scientific Knowledge and Precaution.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2001). Changes in the Functions and the Relations of Law and Politics: Europeanization, Globalization and the Role of New Technologies.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2001). Communicative Systems and Structures. Reflexive legal and political systems.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2001). Constitutionalism and Transnational Governance.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2001). Endringer i justis- og politisamarbeidet i EU etter toppmøtet i Laeken. Konsekvenser for Norge..
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2001). Internasjonalisering av retten og utfordringer for demokratiet.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2001). Polycontextuality as an Alternative to Constitutionalism.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2000). Bokanmeldelse: Joseph Weiler: "The Constitution of Europe". Nordic Journal of International Studies. 35(3)
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2000). Changes in the functions and the relations of law and politics: Europeanization, Globalization and the Role of New Technologies.
- Sand, Inger Johanne (2000). Changing Forms of Governance and the Role of Law - Society and its Law.
- Ulfstein, Geir; Sand, Inger Johanne; Bugge, Hans Christian & Fauchald, Ole Kristian (2000). Folkerettslige rammer for norsk miljøpolitikk.
- Føllesdal, Andreas; Matlary, Janne Haaland; Lie, Ragnar; Olsen, Johan P; Sand, Inger Johanne & Skogerbø, Eli (1997). Dynamics of Europe. Europanisation of the Nation-State. ARENA's Research Profile.