Title: Lex Mercatoria: Private International Commercial Law
Creator: Lex Mercatoria
Rights: Copyright (C) 2004 Lex Mercatoria
Subject: private international commercial law
Publisher: SiSU http://www.jus.uio.no/sisu (this copy)
Date: 2004
Sourcefile: private.international.commercial.law.sst
Filetype: SiSU text 2.0
Source digest: SHA256(private.international.commercial.law.sst)= df3228e4c434a72f863a12852598d6a613ec4889873aa8dc27ca3611457cf903
Skin digest: SHA256(skin_lm_nav.rb)= 87fe13748e3cbcb0dedea211464f31bb26b0b111fd877b18f1812e06ec059cd5
Generated by: Generated by: SiSU 2.6.3 of 2010w30/3 (2010-07-28)
Ruby version: ruby 1.8.7 (2010-08-16 patchlevel 302) [i486-linux]
Document (dal) last generated: Tue Sep 21 17:28:32 -0400 2010
1 Lex Mercatoria: Private International Commercial Law 2 Private International Commercial Law 3 agency Agency 4 See also Sale of Goods 5 Unidroit Convention on Agency in the International Sale of Goods (1983)
     document manifest 1<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/unidroit.agency.sog.convention.1983/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
6 Council Directive 86/653/EEC EC Directive for the co-ordination of the laws of Member States related to Self-employed Commercial Agents 1986 7 EU Member States 8 Convention on the Law Applicable to Agency (The Hague, 1978)
     document manifest 2<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/hcpil.applicable.law.agency.convention.1978/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
9 UNCTAD Minimum Standards For Shipping Agents 1988
     document manifest 3<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/un.minimum.standards.shipping.agents.convention.1988/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
10 Status 11 applicable.law Applicable Law (Conflict of Laws / Proper Law) 12 See also 13 Contract Principles 14 Sale of Goods 15 Convention on the Law Applicable to International Sales of Goods (The Hague, 1955).; The Hague Conference on Private International Law.
     document manifest 4<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/hcpil.applicable.law.sog.convention.1955/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
16 Convention on the Law Applicable to Contracts for the International Sale of Goods; (The Hague, 1986) The Hague Conference on Private International Law.
     document manifest 5<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/hcpil.applicable.law.sog.convention.1986/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
17 EC Convention on the Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations; (Rome, 1980)
     document manifest 6<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/ec.applicable.law.contracts.1980/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
18 EU Member States 19 Convention on the Law Applicable to Agency; (The Hague, 1978)
     document manifest 7<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/hcpil.applicable.law.agency.convention.1978/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
20 contract.principles Contract Principles 21 See also 22 Applicable Law 23 Sale of Goods 24 Dispute Settlement 25 International & Transnational Law sites 26 "Lex Mercatoria?" Contract Principles / Commercial Codes 27 transnational Transnational Law Principles - Creeping Codification 28 Transnational Law Database at CENTRAL's Transnational Law database on rules and principles of Lex Mercatoria based on Prof. Klaus Peter Berger's concept of the Creeping Codification of Lex Mercatoria is inaugurated on October 26th 2001 at the Conference Globalization of International Business Law held at CENTRAL, Muenster University, Germany. Guest speakers include Lord Mustill. 29 unidroit Unidroit 30 Principles of International Commercial Contracts, 2004; - UNIDROIT, Rome 2004. Black letter rules only
     document manifest 8<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/unidroit.international.commercial.contracts.principles.2004/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
31 Complete Commented version of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, 2004 "The complete version of the UNIDROIT Principles contains not only the black?letter rules reproduced hereunder, but also detailed comments on each article and, where appropriate, illustrations. The volume may be ordered from UNIDROIT at <http://www.unidroit.org> 32 For an update of international case law and bibliography relating to the Principles see <http://www.unilex.info> ." 33 UNIDROIT Principles Collection 34 Principles of International Commercial Contracts, 1994; - UNIDROIT, Rome 1994. Commented Version
     document manifest 9<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/unidroit.international.commercial.contracts.principles.1994.commented/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
35 Representing "a significant step in the globalization of legal thinking". J.M. Perillo 36 "The success of even binding uniform law instruments ... depends at least to a great extent, on their being brought to the attention of the potential users. This is all the more true of non-binding instruments such as the UNIDROIT Principles" M.J. Bonell 37 This is a copy of the official commented version of the Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts prepared using the 38 Source Document 39 UNIDROIT Principles for International Commercial Contracts: A New Lex Mercatoria? 40 Principles of International Commercial Contracts
     document manifest 10<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/unidroit.contract.principles.1994/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
41 UNIDROIT, Rome, 1994. Text without commentary. 42 alternative source 43 alternative source 44 Other Language editions 45 Dutch 46 Contributors 47 UNILEX on CISG and UNIDROIT Principles and the product <http://www.cnr.it/CRDCS/unilex.htm> International Case Law and Bibliography 48 eu EU 49 Principles of European Contract Law 2002; by the Commission on European Contract Law.
     document manifest 11<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/eu.contract.principles.parts.1.to.3.2002/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
50 Other Language Versions 51 [REMOVED] Primary source and other language versions 52 Contributors 1994 Lando Commission 53 EU Member States 54 "The Principles of European Contract are the product of work carried out by the Commission on European Contract Law a body of lawyers drawn from all the Member States of the European Community, under the chairmanship of Professor Ole Lando. They are a response to a need for a Community-wide infrastructure of contract law to consolidate the rapidly expanding volume of Community law regulating specific types of contract" 55 Commented version of the Principles of European Contract Law edited by Ole Lando & Hugh Beale ISBN 9041113053 56 For more information, write to the Secretary of the Commission, Matthias E. STORME, matthias@storme.be 57 "Leaving the Shadow for the Test of Practice - On the Future of the Principles of European Contract Law"; by Friedrich Blase, published in The Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law and Arbitration, Volume 3 Issue 1, 1999 ISSN 1439-9741
     document manifest 12<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/leaving.the.shadow.for.the.test.of.practice.future.of.pecl.1999.friedrich.blase/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
58 us US 59 US Uniform Commercial Code from the LII 60 US Contracts from the LII 61 customs Customs 62 Rather see: Customs 63 International Convention on the Simplification and Harmonization of Customs Procedures (Kyoto, 18 May 1973) | Amending Supplement No. 13 - January 1993 World Customs Organization 64 insolvency Insolvency 65 UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency 1997
     document manifest 13<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/un.cross.border.insolvency.model.law.1997/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
66 other 67 INSOL International International Federation of Insolvency Professionals 68 World Internet Insolvency & Bankruptcy Resources 69 The Insolvency Service UK Executive Agency within the Department of Trade and Industry 70 The UK Bankruptcy and Insolvency Website 71 insurance Insurance 72 See also Carriage of Goods 73 MIA English Marine Insurance Act 74 Marine Insurance Act 1906 (English Statute - highly influential, and selected as applicable law by the Institute Cargo Clauses, (the minimum cover of which is in turn selected by default if nothing else is agreed by INCOTERMS 1990 CIF and CIP these being the only INCOTERMS which impose upon the seller an insurance obligation)) 75 Cargo Cargo Insurance 76 The Institute Marine Cargo Clauses A B C War and Strikes Clauses (London, 1982) Standard terms of insurance. Subject to English law - by choice of law clause. 77 Institute Marine Cargo Clauses - A - "All Risks"
     document manifest 14<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/institute.marine.cargo.clauses.a.1982/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
78 Institute Cargo Clauses - B - "intermediate cover"
     document manifest 15<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/institute.marine.cargo.clauses.b.1982/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
79 Institute Cargo Clauses - C - "minimum cover"
     document manifest 16<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/institute.marine.cargo.clauses.c.1982/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
80 (the minimum cover that is required by INCOTERMS CIF and CIP (A3b) if nothing else is agreed) 81 Institute Cargo Clauses - War Clauses
     document manifest 17<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/institute.marine.cargo.clauses.war.1982/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
82 Institute Cargo Clauses - Strikes Clauses
     document manifest 18<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/institute.marine.cargo.clauses.strikes.1982/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
83 UNCTAD Model Clauses on Marine Cargo Insurance (Geneva, 1987) 84 All Risks Cover
     document manifest 19<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/un.marine.cargo.insurance.all-risks.cover.1987/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
85 Intermediate Cover
     document manifest 20<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/un.marine.cargo.insurance.intermediate.cover.1987/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
86 Restricted Cover
     document manifest 21<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/un.marine.cargo.insurance.restricted.cover.1987/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
87 4{! ../intellectual.property/toc.html Intellectual Property 88 jurisdiction.and.enforcement Jurisdiction and Enforcement 89 Dispute Settlement - Arbitration 90 Arbitral Recognition and Enforcement 91 United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards; (New York, 1958)
     document manifest 22<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/un.arbitration.recognition.and.enforcement.convention.new.york.1958/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
92 Contracting States/ Status of the Convention 93 EU & EFTA 94 EC Convention on Jurisdiction and the Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters; (as Amended by the Convention of Accession) (Brussels 1968)
     document manifest 23<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/ec.jurisdiction.enforcement.judgements.civil.commercial.matters.convention.brussels.1968/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
95 EU Member States 96 EFTA Convention on Jurisdiction and the Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters; (Lugano)
     document manifest 24<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/ec.efta.jurisdiction.enforcement.judgements.civil.commercial.matters.lugano.convention.1988/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
97 Full text (with indexed table of contents) only 98 limitation.periods Limitation Periods in the International Sale of Goods 99 Sale of Goods 100 United Nations Convention on the Limitation Period in the International Sale of Goods 1974.
     document manifest 25<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/un.limitation.period.sog.convention.1974/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
101 Contracting States/ Status of the Convention 102 United Nations Convention on the Limitation Period in the International Sale of Goods 1974 as amended 1980.
     document manifest 26<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/un.limitation.period.sog.convention.1980/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
103 Contracting States/ Status of the Convention 104 payment.mechanisms.and.guarantees Payment Mechanisms and Guarantees 105 See also Electronic Commerce. 106 Guarantees and Payment Mechanisms 107 International Transfers 108 UNCITRAL Model Law on International Credit Transfers
     document manifest 27<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/un.credit.transfers.model.law.1992/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
109 UNCITRAL Guide to Electronic Funds Transfers 110 Letters of Credit 111 ICC's Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits 1993 (UCP 500). 112 ICC Copyright notice and ordering information 113 Guarantees 114 UNCITRAL Convention on Independent Guarantees and Standby Letters of Credit (New York, 1995)
     document manifest 28<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/un.independent.guarantees.and.standby.letters.of.credit.convention.1995/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
115 Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes 116 Convention Providing a Uniform Law For Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes, Geneva, 1930; League of Nations
     document manifest 29<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/bills.of.exchange.and.promissory.notes.convention.1930/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
117 UNCITRAL Convention on International Bills of Exchange and International Promissory Notes 1988
     document manifest 30<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/un.bills.of.exchange.and.promissory.notes.convention.1988/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
118 Contracting States/ Status of the Convention 119 Factoring 120 UNIDROIT Convention on International Factoring
     document manifest 31<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/unidroit.factoring.convention.1988/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
121 text 122 Leasing 123 UNIDROIT Convention on Financial Leasing
     document manifest 32<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/unidroit.financial.leasing.convention.1988/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
124 text 125 Assignment of Receivables 126 United Nations Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade, 2001
     document manifest 33<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/un.assignment.of.receivables.in.international.trade.convention.2001/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
127 US UCC 128 US Uniform Commercial Code from The LII. 129 procedure.and.evidence Procedure and Evidence 130 See also Limitation Periods 131 Procedure Procedure 132 Convention Abolishing The Requirement Of Legalisation For Foreign Public Documents; (Concluded October 5, 1961) Hague Conference on Private International Law
     document manifest 34<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/hcpil.abolishing.requirement.of.legislation.for.foreign.public.documents.convention.1961/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
133 Related materials at the HC PIL 134 Related materials at the HC PIL 135 Evidence Evidence 136 Related materials at the HC PIL 137 procurement Procurement of Goods, Construction and Services 138 UNCITRAL Model Law on Procurement of Goods, Construction and Services 1994
     document manifest 35<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/un.procurement.model.law.1994/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
139 sale.of.goods Sale of Goods 140 Contract Principles 141 Applicable Law 142 Agency 143 Limitation Periods 144 Carriage of Goods 145 Marine Insurance 146 Payment Mechanisms 147 cisg CISG 148 Contracting States/ Status of the Convention 149 For advice on the implementation of this Convention contact 150 ⌠Printable text⌡gopher://gopher.law.cornell.edu/00/foreign/fletcher/KAV2420.txt 151 See also: 152 Conventions on Applicable Law 153 Conventions on Agency 154 Limitation Periods 155 "Because of the abundance of information, [on the CISG] there is a need to sort out the most helpful publications and determine the types of materials needed. Publications come in a variety of formats--print, disc, and increasingly in electronic form. These recent electronic projects represent breakthrough developments for legal researchers because they use new technologies (i.e., the Internet) and promote cooperation among scholars, practitioners, librarians, and computer specialists. Pace University School of Law is responsible for the major project in this regard. Largely due to the initiative and vision of Albert Kritzer, who is leading the Pace Project, a new tool is being created that will bring together all CISG sources and scholars. Mr. Kritzer, working tirelessly and with experts worldwide, is devoted to making the CISG better known." Claire M. Germain 156 CISG sites include: 157 CISG - International Trade Database at The Institute of International Commercial Law, Pace University, School of Law. The most comprehensive effort to chart the growing domain of the CISG, See also The Autonomous Network of CISG Websites 158 CISG Advisory Council 159 CISG Rabel Website University of Freiburg, Institute of Foreign and International Law 160 CISG France Professor Claude Witz 161 CISG Japan Professor Hiroo Sono, Kyushu University, Japan 162 CISG Finland Professor Tuula ?mm?l?, Faculty of Law, University of Turku 163 CISG Israel Chief Editor: Dr. Arie Reich, Faculty of Law, Bar-Ilan University 164 CISG Spain & Latin America Prof. Dr. Pilar Perales, University of Madrid 165 Case Laws on UNCITRAL Texts (CLOUT) 166 UNILEX on CISG and UNIDROIT Principles and the product International Case Law and Bibliography 167 Bibliographies: 168 The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods: Guide to Research and Literature by Claire M. Germain (Cornell Law Library) 169 Bibliography of CISG English-Language Publications by Peter Winship 170 CISG Bibliography at CISG Database, IICL, Pace University 171 Recommended reference texts: 172 Uniform Law of International Sales under the 1980 United Nations Convention, John Honnold, Kluwer 1991 173 International Contract Manual Guides to Practical Applications of the [CISG], Albert Kritzer, Kluwer, 1994 174 ulis ULIS & ULF 175 Uniform Law on the International Sale of Goods 1964 (ULIS)
     document manifest 36<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/unidroit.ulis.convention.1964/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
176 Uniform Law on the Formation of Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (1964)
     document manifest 37<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/unidroit.ulf.convention.1964/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
177 Incoterms Incoterms 178 ICC's Incoterms 1990 "International Commercial Terms." 179 ICC Copyright notice and ordering information 180 England England 181 English Sale of Goods Act 1979. (an incomplete presentation of Parts II to VII) England, usually one of the more active participants in the drafting of such Conventions (as the #CISG CISG ), is frequently one of the last States to implement them, as is the case with this Convention. See list of CISG Contracting States 182 England applies the earlier Uniform Law on International Sale of Goods 1964 (ULIS) to international sales, but only if adopted by the parties to such a sale. 183 TOC - table of contents for individual articles 184 Full text (with indexed table of contents) 185 Norway Norway 186 English Translation of the Norwegian Sale of Goods Act 1988. 187 TOC - table of contents for individual articles 188 Full text (with indexed table of contents) 189 The challenges related to the harmonization of a given area of law are many, and go beyond the important agreement of a common text. Such agreement in itself does not guarantee uniformity of application, even where the convention attempts to encourage this through its provisions on interpretation . For an excellent article placing the issues in perspective, read "Uniform Words and Uniform Application. The 1980 Sales Convention and International Practice" John Honnold. 190 There has been much success with the #CISG CISG and its uniform adoption (admittedly with not infrequent reservations), there being over Contracting States. On the whole, academics and practitioners the world over, can be confident that when they discuss an article of the CISG, and its interaction with other articles, they are discussing the same text, (whether or not they agree as to its meaning).38Not all harmonization/ unification efforts lend themselves equally well to this approach. Transformation is more appropriate where there is necessarily a large domestic law element in the area of law concerned. In these circumstances, the legal text is more likely to be promulgated as a model law. Even here it is vital that as far as possible the text (and article numbering) remain intact. Yet other approaches are appropriate in given circumstances - e.g. where agreement is reached on part of a complex area of law and it is left to the individual States to ensure the changes are implemented; or the EU approach with directives, which member states are left to implement individually - note that in that case there is recourse to the European Court if legislation is not implemented correctly or on time. 191 It appears that Norway alone amongst the contracting States has implemented the #CISGCISG through "transformation" thought Israel notably is considering it   Neither the numbering nor the substantive provisions are the same. Obviously this means that for Norway alone amongst the contracting States it is necessary to search to find e.g. Article 74 (or any other provision of the CISG).39And to understand what it has become/ how it has been implemented. A question raised is that of the conformity of the transformed text with the original. This is supposedly ultimately taken care of by the "supremacy" clause, ( ?88 with ideas which equate to Article 7 of the CISG). As pointed out, even with identical texts, the problems that arise can be substantial. Even within Norway not everyone is agreed that this transformation is such a wonderful innovation - see for example: Kj?psrettskonvensjon, Norsk Kj?pslov og Internasjonal Rettsenhet, Tidskrift for Rettsvitenskap 4/1995 p. 569 - "et siktem?l ? pr?ve ? reversere det som har skjedd." V. Hagstr?m. Other authoritative Norwegian authors including Professor Kai Kr?ger have expressed their agreement. 192 It would have been extremely unfortunate for the CISG, (and mitigated considerably the success it today represents in the harmonization of international sales law), if several countries had chosen such a course of implementation. 193 This is no criticism of the Norwegian domestic sales law or the Norwegian Sale of Goods Act (which incidentally, is in other respects substantially the same as that of other Nordic countries), but of Norway's implementation of the CISG. From an international (harmonization of law) perspective it is a mistake which hopefully will not be repeated elsewhere. 194 For advice on the implementation of this Convention contact UNCITRAL. See the: 195 Norwegian Sale of Goods Act - CISG concordance table, 196 CISG - Norwegian Sale of Goods Act concordance table 197 Only the 198 The full text ISBN 82-7511-003-3 may be obtained from: 199 Tel. 22 60 32 90. Fax 22 69 55 93. 200 None of the Nordic countries implement Part II of the Convention on formation of contracts (having made 201 For a Scandinavian view of the CISG see: 202 "Understanding the CISG in Scandinavia" Joseph Lookofsky. DJ?F Publishing 1996 ISBN 87-574-7420-6 203 US US 204 US Uniform Commercial Code from The LII. 205 Other 206 The Autonomous Contract: Reflecting the borderless electronic-commercial environment in contracting; Ralph Amissah (September 1997, Bergen) Paper presented at the XIII nordiske konferanse i rettsinformatikk 17-19 september 1997 "Ulike juridiske aspekter ved et elektronisk marked" organised by the Norwegian Research Center for Computers and Law.
     document manifest 40<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/the.autonomous.contract.07.10.1997.amissah/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
207 Revisiting the Autonomous Contract: Transnational contracting, trends and supportive structures; (2000) Ralph Amissah
     document manifest 41<http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/autonomous.contract.2000.amissah/sisu_manifest.html>
       html, segmented text
       html, scroll, document in one
       pdf, landscape
       pdf, portrait
       odf:odt, open document text
       plain text utf-8
       concordance
       dcc, document content certificate (digests)
208 Endnotes 209 Endnotes