Title: Lex Mercatoria: Private International Commercial Law
Creator: Lex Mercatoria
Rights: Copyright (C) 2004 Lex Mercatoria
Subject: private international commercial law
Publisher: SiSU http://www.jus.uio.no/sisu (this copy)
Date: 2004
Sourcefile: private.international.commercial.law.sst
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Lex Mercatoria: Private International Commercial Law 1 Private International Commercial Law 2 Agency 3 See also Sale of Goods 4 5 Unidroit Convention on Agency in the International Sale of Goods (1983)
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Council Directive 86/653/EEC EC Directive for the co-ordination of the laws of Member States related to Self-employed Commercial Agents 1986 6 EU Member States 7 8 Convention on the Law Applicable to Agency (The Hague, 1978)
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9 UNCTAD Minimum Standards For Shipping Agents 1988
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Status 10 Applicable Law (Conflict of Laws / Proper Law) 11 See also 12 Contract Principles 13 Sale of Goods 14 15 Convention on the Law Applicable to International Sales of Goods (The Hague, 1955).; The Hague Conference on Private International Law.
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16 Convention on the Law Applicable to Contracts for the International Sale of Goods; (The Hague, 1986) The Hague Conference on Private International Law.
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17 EC Convention on the Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations; (Rome, 1980)
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EU Member States 18 19 Convention on the Law Applicable to Agency; (The Hague, 1978)
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Contract Principles 20 See also 21 Applicable Law 22 Sale of Goods 23 Dispute Settlement 24 International & Transnational Law sites 25 "Lex Mercatoria?" Contract Principles / Commercial Codes 26 Transnational Law Principles - Creeping Codification 27 Transnational Law Database at CENTRAL's Transnational Law database on rules and principles of Lex Mercatoria based on Prof. Klaus Peter Berger's concept of the Creeping Codification of Lex Mercatoria is inaugurated on October 26th 2001 at the Conference Globalization of International Business Law held at CENTRAL, Muenster University, Germany. Guest speakers include Lord Mustill. 28 Unidroit 29 30 Principles of International Commercial Contracts, 2004; - UNIDROIT, Rome 2004. Black letter rules only
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Complete Commented version of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, 2004 "The complete version of the UNIDROIT Principles contains not only the black?letter rules reproduced hereunder, but also detailed comments on each article and, where appropriate, illustrations. The volume may be ordered from UNIDROIT at <http://www.unidroit.org> 31 For an update of international case law and bibliography relating to the Principles see <http://www.unilex.info> ." 32 UNIDROIT Principles Collection 33 34 Principles of International Commercial Contracts, 1994; - UNIDROIT, Rome 1994. Commented Version
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Representing "a significant step in the globalization of legal thinking". J.M. Perillo 35 "The success of even binding uniform law instruments ... depends at least to a great extent, on their being brought to the attention of the potential users. This is all the more true of non-binding instruments such as the UNIDROIT Principles" M.J. Bonell 36 This is a copy of the official commented version of the Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts prepared using the 37 Source Document 38 UNIDROIT Principles for International Commercial Contracts: A New Lex Mercatoria? 39 40 Principles of International Commercial Contracts
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UNIDROIT, Rome, 1994. Text without commentary. 41 alternative source 42 alternative source 43 Other Language editions 44 Dutch 45 Contributors 46 UNILEX on CISG and UNIDROIT Principles and the product <http://www.cnr.it/CRDCS/unilex.htm> International Case Law and Bibliography 47 EU 48 49 Principles of European Contract Law 2002; by the Commission on European Contract Law.
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Other Language Versions 50 [REMOVED] Primary source and other language versions 51 Contributors 1994 Lando Commission 52 EU Member States 53 "The Principles of European Contract are the product of work carried out by the Commission on European Contract Law a body of lawyers drawn from all the Member States of the European Community, under the chairmanship of Professor Ole Lando. They are a response to a need for a Community-wide infrastructure of contract law to consolidate the rapidly expanding volume of Community law regulating specific types of contract" 54 Commented version of the Principles of European Contract Law edited by Ole Lando & Hugh Beale ISBN 9041113053 55 For more information, write to the Secretary of the Commission, Matthias E. STORME, matthias@storme.be 56 57 "Leaving the Shadow for the Test of Practice - On the Future of the Principles of European Contract Law"; by Friedrich Blase, published in The Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law and Arbitration, Volume 3 Issue 1, 1999 ISSN 1439-9741
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US 58 US Uniform Commercial Code from the LII 59 US Contracts from the LII 60 Customs 61 Rather see: Customs 62 International Convention on the Simplification and Harmonization of Customs Procedures (Kyoto, 18 May 1973) | Amending Supplement No. 13 - January 1993 World Customs Organization 63 Insolvency 64 65 UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency 1997
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other 66 INSOL International International Federation of Insolvency Professionals 67 World Internet Insolvency & Bankruptcy Resources 68 The Insolvency Service UK Executive Agency within the Department of Trade and Industry 69 The UK Bankruptcy and Insolvency Website 70 Insurance 71 See also Carriage of Goods 72 English Marine Insurance Act 73 Marine Insurance Act 1906 (English Statute - highly influential, and selected as applicable law by the Institute Cargo Clauses, (the minimum cover of which is in turn selected by default if nothing else is agreed by INCOTERMS 1990 CIF and CIP these being the only INCOTERMS which impose upon the seller an insurance obligation)) 74 Cargo Insurance 75 The Institute Marine Cargo Clauses A B C War and Strikes Clauses (London, 1982) Standard terms of insurance. Subject to English law - by choice of law clause. 76 77 Institute Marine Cargo Clauses - A - "All Risks"
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78 Institute Cargo Clauses - B - "intermediate cover"
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79 Institute Cargo Clauses - C - "minimum cover"
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(the minimum cover that is required by INCOTERMS CIF and CIP (A3b) if nothing else is agreed) 80 81 Institute Cargo Clauses - War Clauses
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82 Institute Cargo Clauses - Strikes Clauses
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UNCTAD Model Clauses on Marine Cargo Insurance (Geneva, 1987) 83 84 All Risks Cover
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85 Intermediate Cover
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86 Restricted Cover
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4{! ../intellectual.property/toc.html Intellectual Property 87 Jurisdiction and Enforcement 88 Dispute Settlement - Arbitration 89 Arbitral Recognition and Enforcement 90 91 United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards; (New York, 1958)
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Contracting States/ Status of the Convention 92 EU & EFTA 93 94 EC Convention on Jurisdiction and the Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters; (as Amended by the Convention of Accession) (Brussels 1968)
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EU Member States 95 96 EFTA Convention on Jurisdiction and the Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters; (Lugano)
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Full text (with indexed table of contents) only 97 Limitation Periods in the International Sale of Goods 98 Sale of Goods 99 100 United Nations Convention on the Limitation Period in the International Sale of Goods 1974.
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Contracting States/ Status of the Convention 101 102 United Nations Convention on the Limitation Period in the International Sale of Goods 1974 as amended 1980.
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Contracting States/ Status of the Convention 103 Payment Mechanisms and Guarantees 104 See also Electronic Commerce. 105 Guarantees and Payment Mechanisms 106 International Transfers 107 108 UNCITRAL Model Law on International Credit Transfers
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UNCITRAL Guide to Electronic Funds Transfers 109 Letters of Credit 110 ICC's Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits 1993 (UCP 500). 111 ICC Copyright notice and ordering information 112 Guarantees 113 114 UNCITRAL Convention on Independent Guarantees and Standby Letters of Credit (New York, 1995)
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Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes 115 116 Convention Providing a Uniform Law For Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes, Geneva, 1930; League of Nations
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117 UNCITRAL Convention on International Bills of Exchange and International Promissory Notes 1988
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Contracting States/ Status of the Convention 118 Factoring 119 120 UNIDROIT Convention on International Factoring
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text 121 Leasing 122 123 UNIDROIT Convention on Financial Leasing
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text 124 Assignment of Receivables 125 126 United Nations Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade, 2001
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US UCC 127 US Uniform Commercial Code from The LII. 128 Procedure and Evidence 129 See also Limitation Periods 130 Procedure 131 132 Convention Abolishing The Requirement Of Legalisation For Foreign Public Documents; (Concluded October 5, 1961) Hague Conference on Private International Law
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Related materials at the HC PIL 133 Related materials at the HC PIL 134 Evidence 135 Related materials at the HC PIL 136 Procurement of Goods, Construction and Services 137 138 UNCITRAL Model Law on Procurement of Goods, Construction and Services 1994
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Sale of Goods 139 Contract Principles 140 Applicable Law 141 Agency 142 Limitation Periods 143 Carriage of Goods 144 Marine Insurance 145 Payment Mechanisms 146 CISG 147 Contracting States/ Status of the Convention 148 For advice on the implementation of this Convention contact 149 ⌠Printable text⌡gopher://gopher.law.cornell.edu/00/foreign/fletcher/KAV2420.txt 150 See also: 151 Conventions on Applicable Law 152 Conventions on Agency 153 Limitation Periods 154 "Because of the abundance of information, [on the CISG] there is a need to sort out the most helpful publications and determine the types of materials needed. Publications come in a variety of formats--print, disc, and increasingly in electronic form. These recent electronic projects represent breakthrough developments for legal researchers because they use new technologies (i.e., the Internet) and promote cooperation among scholars, practitioners, librarians, and computer specialists. Pace University School of Law is responsible for the major project in this regard. Largely due to the initiative and vision of Albert Kritzer, who is leading the Pace Project, a new tool is being created that will bring together all CISG sources and scholars. Mr. Kritzer, working tirelessly and with experts worldwide, is devoted to making the CISG better known." Claire M. Germain 155 CISG sites include: 156 CISG - International Trade Database at The Institute of International Commercial Law, Pace University, School of Law. The most comprehensive effort to chart the growing domain of the CISG, See also The Autonomous Network of CISG Websites 157 CISG Advisory Council 158 CISG Rabel Website University of Freiburg, Institute of Foreign and International Law 159 CISG France Professor Claude Witz 160 CISG Japan Professor Hiroo Sono, Kyushu University, Japan 161 CISG Finland Professor Tuula ?mm?l?, Faculty of Law, University of Turku 162 CISG Israel Chief Editor: Dr. Arie Reich, Faculty of Law, Bar-Ilan University 163 CISG Spain & Latin America Prof. Dr. Pilar Perales, University of Madrid 164 Case Laws on UNCITRAL Texts (CLOUT) 165 UNILEX on CISG and UNIDROIT Principles and the product International Case Law and Bibliography 166 Bibliographies: 167 The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods: Guide to Research and Literature by Claire M. Germain (Cornell Law Library) 168 Bibliography of CISG English-Language Publications by Peter Winship 169 CISG Bibliography at CISG Database, IICL, Pace University 170 Recommended reference texts: 171 Uniform Law of International Sales under the 1980 United Nations Convention, John Honnold, Kluwer 1991 172 International Contract Manual Guides to Practical Applications of the [CISG], Albert Kritzer, Kluwer, 1994 173 ULIS & ULF 174 175 Uniform Law on the International Sale of Goods 1964 (ULIS)
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176 Uniform Law on the Formation of Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (1964)
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Incoterms 177 ICC's Incoterms 1990 "International Commercial Terms." 178 ICC Copyright notice and ordering information 179 England 180 English Sale of Goods Act 1979. (an incomplete presentation of Parts II to VII) England, usually one of the more active participants in the drafting of such Conventions (as the #CISG CISG ), is frequently one of the last States to implement them, as is the case with this Convention. See list of CISG Contracting States 181 England applies the earlier Uniform Law on International Sale of Goods 1964 (ULIS) to international sales, but only if adopted by the parties to such a sale. 182 TOC - table of contents for individual articles 183 Full text (with indexed table of contents) 184 Norway 185 English Translation of the Norwegian Sale of Goods Act 1988. 186 TOC - table of contents for individual articles 187 Full text (with indexed table of contents) 188 The challenges related to the harmonization of a given area of law are many, and go beyond the important agreement of a common text. Such agreement in itself does not guarantee uniformity of application, even where the convention attempts to encourage this through its provisions on interpretation . For an excellent article placing the issues in perspective, read "Uniform Words and Uniform Application. The 1980 Sales Convention and International Practice" John Honnold. 189 There has been much success with the #CISG CISG and its uniform adoption (admittedly with not infrequent reservations), there being over Contracting States. On the whole, academics and practitioners the world over, can be confident that when they discuss an article of the CISG, and its interaction with other articles, they are discussing the same text, (whether or not they agree as to its meaning).38 38. Not all harmonization/ unification efforts lend themselves equally well to this approach. Transformation is more appropriate where there is necessarily a large domestic law element in the area of law concerned. In these circumstances, the legal text is more likely to be promulgated as a model law. Even here it is vital that as far as possible the text (and article numbering) remain intact. Yet other approaches are appropriate in given circumstances - e.g. where agreement is reached on part of a complex area of law and it is left to the individual States to ensure the changes are implemented; or the EU approach with directives, which member states are left to implement individually - note that in that case there is recourse to the European Court if legislation is not implemented correctly or on time. 190 It appears that Norway alone amongst the contracting States has implemented the #CISGCISG through "transformation" thought Israel notably is considering it   Neither the numbering nor the substantive provisions are the same. Obviously this means that for Norway alone amongst the contracting States it is necessary to search to find e.g. Article 74 (or any other provision of the CISG).39 A question raised is that of the conformity of the transformed text with the original. This is supposedly ultimately taken care of by the "supremacy" clause, ( ?88 with ideas which equate to Article 7 of the CISG). As pointed out, even with identical texts, the problems that arise can be substantial. Even within Norway not everyone is agreed that this transformation is such a wonderful innovation - see for example: Kj?psrettskonvensjon, Norsk Kj?pslov og Internasjonal Rettsenhet, Tidskrift for Rettsvitenskap 4/1995 p. 569 - "et siktem?l ? pr?ve ? reversere det som har skjedd." V. Hagstr?m. Other authoritative Norwegian authors including Professor Kai Kr?ger have expressed their agreement. 39. And to understand what it has become/ how it has been implemented. 191 It would have been extremely unfortunate for the CISG, (and mitigated considerably the success it today represents in the harmonization of international sales law), if several countries had chosen such a course of implementation. 192 This is no criticism of the Norwegian domestic sales law or the Norwegian Sale of Goods Act (which incidentally, is in other respects substantially the same as that of other Nordic countries), but of Norway's implementation of the CISG. From an international (harmonization of law) perspective it is a mistake which hopefully will not be repeated elsewhere. 193 For advice on the implementation of this Convention contact UNCITRAL. See the: 194 Norwegian Sale of Goods Act - CISG concordance table, 195 CISG - Norwegian Sale of Goods Act concordance table 196 Only the 197 The full text ISBN 82-7511-003-3 may be obtained from: 198 Tel. 22 60 32 90. Fax 22 69 55 93. 199 None of the Nordic countries implement Part II of the Convention on formation of contracts (having made 200 For a Scandinavian view of the CISG see: 201 "Understanding the CISG in Scandinavia" Joseph Lookofsky. DJ?F Publishing 1996 ISBN 87-574-7420-6 202 US 203 US Uniform Commercial Code from The LII. 204 Other 205 206 The Autonomous Contract: Reflecting the borderless electronic-commercial environment in contracting; Ralph Amissah (September 1997, Bergen) Paper presented at the XIII nordiske konferanse i rettsinformatikk 17-19 september 1997 "Ulike juridiske aspekter ved et elektronisk marked" organised by the Norwegian Research Center for Computers and Law.
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207 Revisiting the Autonomous Contract: Transnational contracting, trends and supportive structures; (2000) Ralph Amissah
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Endnotes 208 Endnotes 209 Metadata SiSU Metadata, document information Manifest SiSU Manifest, alternative outputs etc.