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United Nations Convention on the Law of Treaties
Signed at Vienna 23 May 1969, Entry into Force: 27 January 1980
[Preamble]
Part I - Introduction
Article 1 - Scope of the present Convention
Article 2 - Use of terms
Article 3 - International agreements not within the scope of the present Convention
Article 4 - Non-retroactivity of the present Convention
Article 5 - Treaties constituting international organizations and treaties adopted within an international organization
Part II - Conclusion and Entry into Force of Treaties
Section 1. - Conclusion of Treaties
Article 6 - Capacity of States to conclude treaties
Article 7 - Full powers
Article 8 - Subsequent confirmation of an act performed without authorization
Article 9 - Adoption of the text
Article 10 - Authentication of the text
Article 11 - Means of expressing consent to be bound by a treaty
Article 12 - Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by signature
Article 13 - Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by an exchange of instruments constituting a treaty
Article 14 - Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by ratification, acceptance or approval
Article 15 - Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by accession
Article 16 - Exchange or deposit of instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession
Article 17 - Consent to be bound by part of a treaty and choice of differing provisions
Article 18 - Obligation not to defeat the object and purpose of a treaty prior to its entry into force
Section 2. - Reservations
Article 19 - Formulation of reservations
Article 20 - Acceptance of and objection to reservations
Article 21 - Legal effects of reservations and of objections to reservations
Article 22 - Withdrawal of reservations and of objections to reservations
Article 23 - Procedure regarding reservations
Section 3. - Entry Into Force and Provisional Application of Treaties
Article 24 - Entry into force
Article 25 - Provisional application
Part III - Observance, Application and Interpretation of Treaties
Section 1. - Observance of Treaties
Article 26 - Pacta sunt servanda
Article 27 - Internal law and observance of treaties
Section 2. - Application of Treaties
Article 28 - Non-retroactivity of treaties
Article 29 - Territorial scope of treaties
Article 30 - Application of successive treaties relating to the same subject-matter
Section 3. - Interpretation of Treaties
Article 31 - General rule of interpretation
Article 32 - Supplementary means of interpretation
Article 33 - Interpretation of treaties authenticated in two or more languages
Section 4. - Treaties and Third States
Article 34 - General rule regarding third States
Article 35 - Treaties providing for obligations for third States
Article 36 - Treaties providing for rights for third States
Article 37 - Revocation or modification of obligations or rights of third States
Article 38 - Rules in a treaty becoming binding on third States through international custom
Part IV - Amendment and Modification of Treaties
Article 39 - General rule regarding the amendment of treaties
Article 40 - Amendment of multilateral treaties
Article 41 - Agreements to modify multilateral treaties between certain of the parties only
Part V - Invalidity, Termination and Suspension of the Operation of Treaties
Section 1. - General Provisions
Article 42 - Validity and continuance in force of treaties
Article 43 - Obligations imposed by international law independently of a treaty
Article 44 - Separability of treaty provisions
Article 45 - Loss of a right to invoke a ground for invalidating, terminating, withdrawing from or suspending the operation of a treaty
Section 2. - Invalidity of Treaties
Article 46 - Provisions of internal law regarding competence to conclude treaties
Article 47 - Specific restrictions on authority to express the consent of a State
Article 48 - Error
Article 49 - Fraud
Article 50 - Corruption of a representative of a State
Article 51 - Coercion of a representative of a State
Article 52 - Coercion of a State by the threat or use of force
Article 53 - Treaties conflicting with a peremptory norm of general international law (jus cogens)
Section 3. - Termination and Suspension of the Operation of Treaties
Article 54 - Termination of or withdrawal from a treaty under its provisions or by consent of the parties
Article 55 - Reduction of the parties to a multilateral treaty below the number necessary for its entry into force
Article 56 - Denunciation of or withdrawal from a treaty containing no provision regarding termination, denunciation or withdrawal
Article 57 - Suspension of the operation of a treaty under its provisions or by consent of the parties
Article 58 - Suspension of the operation of a multilateral treaty by agreement between certain of the parties only
Article 59 - Termination or suspension of the operation of a treaty implied by conclusion of a later treaty
Article 60 - Termination or suspension of the operation of a treaty as a consequence of its breach
Article 61 - Supervening impossibility of performance
Article 62 - Fundamental change of circumstances
Article 63 - Severance of diplomatic or consular relations
Article 64 - Emergence of a new peremptory norm of general international law (jus cogens)
Section 4. - Procedure
Article 65 - Procedure to be followed with respect to invalidity, termination, withdrawal from or suspension of the operation of a treaty
Article 66 - Procedures for judicial settlement, arbitration and conciliation
Article 67 - Instruments for declaring invalid, terminating, withdrawing from or suspending the operation of a treaty
Article 68 - Revocation of notifications and instruments provided for in articles 65 and 67
Section 5. - Consequences of the Invalidity, Termination or Suspension of the Operation of a Treaty
Article 69 - Consequences of the invalidity of a treaty
Article 70 - Consequences of the termination of a treaty
Article 71 - Consequences of the invalidity of a treaty which conflicts with a peremptory norm of general international law
Article 72 - Consequences of the suspension of the operation of a treaty
Part VI - Miscellaneous Provisions
Article 73 - Cases of State succession, State responsibility and outbreak of hostilities
Article 74 - Diplomatic and consular relations and the conclusion of treaties
Article 75 - Case of an aggressor State
Part VII - Depositaries, Notifications, Corrections and Registration
Article 76 - Depositaries of treaties
Article 77 - Functions of depositaries
Article 78 - Notifications and communications
Article 79 - Correction of errors in texts or in certified copies of treaties
Article 80 - Registration and publication of treaties
Part VIII - Final Provisions
Article 81 - Signature
Article 82 - Ratification
Article 83 - Accession
Article 84 - Entry into force
Article 85 - Authentic texts
[Post Provisions]
[Post Clauses (If any: Signed; Witnessed; Done; Authentic Texts; & Deposited Clauses)]
ANNEX
[ANNEX]
Metadata
SiSU Metadata, document information
Manifest
SiSU Manifest, alternative outputs etc.
United Nations Convention on the Law of Treaties, Signed at Vienna 23 May 1969, Entry into Force: 27 January 1980
United Nations (UN)
copy @ Lex Mercatoria
Section 5. - Consequences of the Invalidity, Termination or Suspension of the Operation of a Treaty
1. A treaty the invalidity of which is established under the present Convention is void. The provisions of a void treaty have no legal force.
2. If acts have nevertheless been performed in reliance on such a treaty:
(a) each party may require any other party to establish as far as possible in their mutual relations the position that would have existed if the acts had not been performed;
(b) acts performed in good faith before the invalidity was invoked are not rendered unlawful by reason only of the invalidity of the treaty.
3. In cases falling under articles 49, 50, 51 or 52, paragraph 2 does not apply with respect to the party to which the fraud, the act of corruption or the coercion is imputable.
4. In the case of the invalidity of a particular State's consent to be bound by a multilateral treaty, the foregoing rules apply in the relations between that State and the parties to the treaty.
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