Index

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z, 

386BSD, 679,

A

AI Lab (Artificial Intelligence Laboratory), 26, 43, 227-267, 234, 367-384, 428, 445,

ITS demise, 428-431,

Symbolics and, 445-455,

borrowing source code for, 43,

lock hacking at, 234-265,

AOL (America OnLine), 79,

ARPAnet, 438-440, 918,

AT&T, 45, 426, 580-581, 583-584,

Abelson, Hal, 414,

Abstraction, 427,

designing Unix, 427,

Agre, Phil, 907,

Allison, Jeramy, 604-605,

Amazon.com, 79, 845,

Andreessen, Marc, 703,

Apache web server, 699, 724, 729,

Apple Computers, 461, 608, 729,

open source software and, 729,

Argonne (Illinois), 493,

Art.net, 285,

Artificial intelligence, 224,

Asperger Syndrome, 146-147, 275,

Assembler language, 165,

Augustin, Larry, 704,

Autism, 146-151, 275,

Autobiography of Malcolm X, The (Haley), 815-816,

B

BIND (Berkely Internet Naming Daemon), 635, 699,

BSD (Berkely Software Distribution), 499, 580-586,

Barksdale, Jim, 703,

Batch processing, 386,

BeOpen.com, 818-821,

Beatles, 197, 332-334,

Bell Labs, 477,

Berkely Internet Naming Daemon (BIND), 635, 699,

Berkely Software Distribution (BSD), 499, 580-586,

Binary files, 40,

Boerries, Marco, 774-776,

Bolt, Beranek & Newman engineering firm, 43,

Bostic, Keith, 580-585, 751,

Boston Globe, 921,

Brain Makers, 449,

Genius, Ego, and Greed in the Quest for Machines that Think, The Newquist, 449,

Breidbart, Seth, 144-145, 168, 176-178, 206-220,

Brooks, Fred P., 692,

Bryan, Willliam Jennings, 788,

Byte magazine, 576, 602,

C

C Compiler (GNU), 77, 591-600, 622,

Linux development and, 622-625,

C programming language, 474, 635, 658,

VUCK compiler for, 474,

glibc, 635, 658-661,

C+ programming language, 594,

CTSS (Compatible Time Sharing System), 236,

Carnegie Mellon University, 47-64, 479,

Cathedral and the Bazaar, The (Raymond), 693-703, 770, 869,

Chassell, Robert, 485-491,

Chess, Dan, 143, 149, 201,

Church of Emacs, 526-534,

Columbia University, 112, 142, 777,

Commodore computers, 461,

Community source, license of Sun Microsystems, 774,

Compaq computers, 79,

Compatible Time Sharing System (CTSS), 236,

Computer Power and Human Reason (Weizenbaum), 374,

Computer Systems Research Group, 580,

Computer bums, 374,

Computer security, opposition to, 261,

Conference on Freely Redistributable Software, 679-680, 691,

Control-R (^R), 627,

Copyleft, 577,

Copyright Act of 1976, 551,

Copyright laws, 551,

Copyrighted works, categories of, 344,

Crackers, 919,

Currier House (Harvard University), 370,

D

DARPA, 443,

DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation), 433, 582,

De Icaza, Miguel, 279,

DeSapio, Carmine, 189,

Debian, 652-671,

Debian Manifesto, 653-656,

Debugger, 77, 567-568,

Dell computers, 79,

Democratic party, 187-190,

Digital Millennium Copyright Act, 356, 829,

Display terminals, replacing teletypes, 389,

Divorce of Alice and Daniel Stallman, 154,

Draft (Vietnam War), 194-200,

Dreyfus, Hubert, 232,

Dylan, Bob, 336,

E

E edit program, 393,

Eine (Eine is not Emacs) text editor, 409,

Electric Fence Unix utility, 667,

Electronic Frontier Foundation, 781, 791,

Elmhurst (New York), 184,

Emacs Commune, 366-418, 408, 482, 549-556, 571-572,

proprietary software and, 482,

Emacs text editor, 77, 404-415, 477, 482, 526-537, 549, 555, 660,

GNU Emacs License and, 555,

Lisp-based free software version, 549,

Lucid software company and, 660,

copyrights and, 555,

rewriting for Unix, 477-479,

Engelbart, Doug, 388,

Ethics of hacking, 233,

F

FSF (Free Software Foundation), 75, 679,

Fetchmail, 691,

Feynman, Richard, 376,

Fischer, Mark, 557-559,

Folk dancing, 264, 295,

Foresight Institute, 704,

Forks (code), 659-662,

Freax, 621,

Free Software Foundation (FSF), 75-76, 386, 484, 643, 653, 679, 772,

Debian Manifesto and, 653,

GNU Project and, 484,

Linux and, 643-646,

QT graphic tools and, 772,

TECO text-editor and, 386,

FreeBSD, 503, 513-515, 679, 691,

Freeware Summit, 709,

Future of Ideas, The (Lessig), 797,

G

GCC (GNU C Compiler), 77, 591-600, 622,

Linux development and}, 622,

GDB (GNU Debugger), 77, 567, 635,

Linux and, 635,

GFDL (GNU Free Documentation License), 872-873, 877-878, 924-988,

GNOME 1.0, 277,

GNU C Compiler (GCC), 77-86, 591-600, 622,

Linux development and, 622,

GNU C Library (glibc), 635, 658-661,

GNU Debugger (GDB), 77, 567-568, 635,

Linux and, 635,

GNU Emacs, 77, 404-415, 477, 482, 526-537, 549, 555, 660,

GNU Emacs License and, 555,

List-based free software version, 549,

Lucid software company and, 660,

copyrights and, 555,

rewriting for Unix, 477-479,

GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL), 872-873, 877-878, 924-988,

GNU General Public License, 75-76, 535, 548-630, 772,

QT graphics tools and, 772,

GNU Manifesto, 482, 597, 637, 653,

Debian Manifesto and, 653,

GNU Project, 75, 83, 276, 278, 304, 420, 471, 475, 484, 646, 678,

Emacs, release of, 484,

GNOME 1.0, 276-277,

Linux and, 278, 304,

Linux and, mutual success of, 83,

kernel, 278, 646,

new UNIX implementation, 420,

open source movement and, 678-737,

web site for, 75,

GNU/Linux, 279, 631-676,

GOSMACS (Gosling Emacs), 479, 551, 555,

copyrights and, 555,

GPL, 75-76, 535, 548-630,

Garfinkel, Simson, 646,

Gates, Bill, 315, 462-464,

Geek Syndrome, The (Silberman), 146-147,

Gell-Mann, Murray, 376,

Gilmore, John, 561-567, 599, 671, 712, 791,

Glibc (GNU C Library), 635, 658-661,

Gosling, James, 479-482,

Gosper, Bill, 232, 372, 455,

Graphial interfaces, 388,

Grateful Dead, The, 499-500,

Greenblat, Richard, 232, 244, 372, 443, 453,

lock-hacking and, 244,

Guttman, Henning, 839,

H

HURD kernel, 322, 628, 647-651, 676,

Hackers, 38, 233-240, 905-923,

ethics of, 233,

philosophy of donating software, 38-45,

Hackers (Levy), 259, 917-918,

Haley, Alex, 815,

Hall of Hacks, 920,

Harbater, David, 203-205,

Harvard University, 41, 169-176, 200-222, 231, 376,

computer labs, 41-43, 231,

graduation from, 376,

Helsinki, Finland, 613-616,

Hewlett Packard, 77, 501,

free software community and, 77,

Hillel, 467-468,

Hoffman, Abbie, 197,

Hopkins, Don, 438, 577,

Hunter College, 143, 185, 208,

I

IBM, 77, 165, 501, 724,

Apache web server and, 724,

New York Scientific Center, 165,

free software community and, 77,

IBM 7094 computer, 164-165, 236, 616,

IBM New York Scientific Center, 165,

IBM SP Power3 supercomputer, 494,

Ignucius, (St.), 492, 523,

Incompatible Timesharing System (ITS), 236-241, 254-255, 426-431,

Indochina, 191,

Intel, 634, 729,

Internet, 632-635, 691,

Interpreters for LISP, 479-480,

Ishi, 452,

J

Jefferson, Thomas, 794,

Joy, Bill, 477, 534, 774,

K

KL-10 mainframe, 431-442,

Kernel (Linux), 635,

Kihei (Hawaii), 739-754,

King, Stephen, 834,

L

LIFE mathematical game, 232,

LISP Machines Inc. (LMI), 446, 485,

Symbolics and, 446-459,

LISP programming language, 232, 384, 422, 442-443, 443, 479,

EMACS and, 479-480,

GNU system and, 422,

operating system for, 443-447,

LMI (LISP Machines Inc.), 446, 485,

Symbolics and, 446-459,

Laboratory for Computer Science, 635,

X, developing, 635,

Lanai Islands (Hawaii), 750,

Lawrence Livermore National Lab, 476,

Leonard, Andrew, 274,

Lesser GNU Public License (LGPL), 772,

Licenses, 555-570, 581,

AT&T UNIX source code and, 581-583,

Lignux (Linux with GNU), 656,

Linux, 77, 83, 276-282, 304, 618, 631-676, 679,

001 version of, 618-624,

GNU Project and, 83, 304,

Linux Kongress, 693-699,

Linux.com, 528,

LinuxWorld, 276-284,

LinuxWorld Conventions, 722-724,

Lippman, Alice, 118-178, 182,

political identity of, 182-193,

Lippman, Andrew, 192,

Lippman, Maurice, 127, 192,

London Guardian, 274,

Los Alamos (New Mexico), 493,

Lotus Development Corp., 608,

Louis D. Brandeis High School, 170-173,

Lucid software company, 660,

Luke Skywalker, 770,

M

MACLISP language, 443,

MHPCC (Maui High Performance Computing Center), 493,

MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 26, 169, 192, 224,

first visit to, 224-226,

MIT Museum, 908,

MOCKLISP language, 479,

MacArthur Fellowship Program, 75,

MacHack, 232,

Macro modes, adding to TECO, 394-405,

Markoff, John, 729,

Marshall, Thurgood, 808,

Marx, Groucho, 531-532,

Math 55 (Harvard University), 202-211,

Maui FreeBSD Users Group, 499,

Maui High Performance Computing Center (MHPCC), 493,

McCarthy, John, 443,

Mice, as video pointers, 388,

Micro-Soft, 462,

MicroVAX, 616-617,

Microsoft Corporation, 75-83, 608, 686-689,

Apple Computer lawsuit, 608,

Minix operating system, 617-619, 635,

kernel, used for Linux, 635,

Moglen, Eben, 112-114, 777-812,

Monterey (California), 698, 819,

Morin, Rich, 725-726,

Mountain View (California), 701,

Muir, John, 788,

Multics operating system, 45,

Mundie, Craig, 76-78, 81-83,

Murdock, Ian, 639-677,

Music, 332-336,

Mythical Man-Month, The (Brooks), 692,

N

NDAs (nondisclosure agreements), 57,

for source code, 57-70,

NYU Stern School of Business, 76,

Napster, 307-311, 345,

National Security Administration, 778,

Nelson, Ted, 791-793, 876,

Nelson, Theodor Holm, 791-793,

Net.unix-wizards newsgroup, 420, 462, 472,

NetBSD, 679,

Netscape, 701-709,

New Hacker Dictionary, The, 681, 907,

New York University computer science department, 72-116,

Newitz, Annalee, 320,

Newquist, Harvey, 449,

Ney, Tim, 299,

Nondisclosure agreements (NDAs), 57,

for source code, 57-70,

O

O'Reilly & Associates, 698, 774, 819, 869, 876,

Open Source Conferences, 774, 819, 876,

O'Reilly, Tim, 698, 709,

open source and, 709-717,

OPL (Open Publication License), 870-878,

OSI (Open Source Initiative), 516, 727,

On Civil Disobedience (Thoreau), 788,

Onion, The, 605,

Open Letter to Hobbyists (Gates), 462-463,

Open Publication License (OPL), 870-878,

Open Source Initiative (OSI), 516, 727,

Open Sources (DiBona, et al), 322, 467-468, 869-871,

Open source, 78, 678-737, 834-838,

software development, approach to, 78,

OpenOffice application suite, 772-776,

Ousterhout, John, 724,

Oz, 434-442,

P

PCs (personal computers), 79, 632-634,

PDP-10 computer, 34, 426, 430-434, 457,

PDP-11 computer, 34, 426, 434, 582,

PDP-6 computer, 236-237,

PL/I programming language, 165,

POSIX standards, 618,

Pa'ia (Hawaii), 740-742, 766,

Palo Alto (California), 284,

Paperback Software International, 608,

Password-based systems, hacking into, 257-262,

Pastel compiler, 476,

Patches, inserting into source code, 10, 562,

Pattison, Tracy, 819,

Perens, Bruce, 586, 667-670, 727-728,

Perl programming language, 562, 679, 699,

Personal computers (PCs), 79, 632-634,

Peter, Paul and Mary, 336,

Peterson, Christine, 704-708, 904,

Petrycki, Laurie, 877,

Plant, The (King), 834,

Polytechnic University (Finland), 613,

PowerPoint (Microsoft), 686-689,

Prime Time Freeware, 725,

Project MAC, 232, 236, 387, 443,

Incompatible Time Sharing system and, 236,

Project Xanadu, 876,

Proprietary software, 63, 465-468, 480, 686,

Emacs and, 480-484,

Torvalds, Linus and, 686,

Punch cards, for batch processing, 386,

Purdue University, 639,

Putnam exam, 215-216,

Python programming language, 699, 710,

Q

Qt, 772-773,

Queens public library, 184,

R

R2D2, 770,

Raymond, Eric, 516, 528, 647, 681, 869,

St. Ignucius and, 528-530,

open source and, 681-737,

Red Hat Inc., 282, 355, 639, 671, 729,

going public, 282,

success of, 729-730,

Redmond (Washington), 78, 284,

Reid, Brian, 410-411,

Rockefeller University, 166,

Rubin, Jerry, 197,

Ryan, Randolph, 921,

Ryan, William Fitts, 190,

S

S&P (Signals and Power) Committee, 911-913,

SISSL (Sun Industry Standards Source Licence), 772,

Safari Tech Books Online subscription service, 870,

Salon.com, 274, 320,

Salus, Peter, 679-683,

San Mateo (California), 307-309,

Sartre, Jean Paul, 754,

Schonberg, Ed., 95-97,

Science Honors Program (Columbia), 142-144, 197, 201-202,

Scribe text-formatting program, 47-48, 410,

Scriptics, 724,

Security (computer), opposition to, 255, 411, 435,

Twenex operating systems and, 435,

Sendmail Unix mail program, 699,

Shockley, William, 376,

Shut Up and Show Them the Code (Raymond), 516-517,

Sierra Club, 788,

Signals and Power (S&P) Committee, 911-913,

Silberman, Steve, 146-147,

Silicon Valley, 284-285,

Sine (Sine is not Emacs) text editor, 409,

Skylarov, Dmitri, 781, 840,

Slackware, 671,

Slashdot, 818,

Software, 38, 461-471, 551,

companies donating, 38,

copyright laws on, 551,

Source code, 38, 552, 562, 702,

Mozilla (Netscape), 702-703,

Xerox Corporation publishing, 38-70,

copy rights for, 552,

patches, 562,

South Korea, 315,

Sprite, 725,

Sproull, Robert (Xerox PARC researcher), 54,

St. Ignucius, 492, 523,

Stallman, Daniel, 131, 154, 183,

Stallman, Richard M., 23, 117, 146, 147, 165, 264, 295, 366, 366, 419, 548, 631, 678,

AI Lab, as a programmer, 23-70, 366-384,

Emacs Commune and, 366-418,

GNU General Public License, 548-630,

GNU Linux, 631-677,

GNU Project, 419-491,

behavioral disorders, 146-147,

childhood, 117-178, 548,

childhood, behavioral disorders, 147,

childhood, first computer program, 165,

folk dancing, 264, 295,

open source and, 678-737,

Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 393, 443,

Stanford Research Institute, 388,

Stanford University, 591,

Star Wars, 770,

Steele, Guy, 394-407, 415-418,

Stern School of Business (NYU), 76,

Strike, at the Laboratory for Computer Science, 411,

Sun Industry Standards Source License (SISSL), 772,

Sun Laboratories, 54,

Sun Microsystems, 77, 415, 426, 501, 534, 561, 772,

OpenOffice application suite, 772,

developing workstations, 426,

free software community and, 77,

Sun User Group, 588,

SunOS, 561, 587,

porting Emacs to, 561,

Sussman, Gerald, 232-234, 372, 384,

Swedish Royal Technical Institute, 243, 480,

Symbolics, 442-457,

System V, 644,

T

TCP/IP, 580, 635,

TECO editor program, 385-408,

TOPS-20 operating system, 433-434,

TX-0 computer, 913,

Takeda Awards, 884,

Tammany Hall, 188-189,

Tanenbaum, Andrew, 617, 674,

Tcl scripting language, 724-725,

Tech Model Railroad Club, 911,

Teimann, Michael, 671,

Teletype interfaces vs. batch processing, 387-390,

Text file source code, publishing, 39,

Third-party software developers supporting Microsoft, 83,

Thomas Aquinas, saint, 382,

Thompson, Ken, 477,

Thoreau, Henry David, 788,

Tiemann, Michael, 591-599, 712-719,

Time bombs, in software, 47, 410,

Top500.org, 494,

Toronto Star, 146,

Torvalds, Linus, 77, 278-281, 613-629, 635, 686, 770-771,

Minix, reworking for Linux, 635-637,

PowerPoint and, 686-689,

Tree (source code), 659,

Troll Tech, 772-773,

Twenex operating systems, 431-435,

U

U.S Air Force, 494,

U.S. Patent Office, 511,

UC Berkeley, 45, 534,

building Unix, 45,

Udanax, 876,

UniPress software company, 479-480, 550,

Unilogic software company, 47-48, 410,

University of California, 580-584,

University of Glasgow, 128,

University of Hawaii, 494,

University of Helsinki, 614-616,

University of Pennsylvania, 203,

Unix operating system, 45, 421, 427, 476, 617,

GNU system and, 421,

Minix and, 617,

Pastel compiler and, 476,

adoption through flexibility, 427,

Upside Today web magazine, 868,

Uretsky, Mike, 90-95,

V

VA Linux, 730-731, 809, 818,

VA Research, 704, 730, 818,

VA Software, Inc., 818,

VAX 11/780, 426,

VUCK compiler, 474,

Van Rossum, Guido, 710,

Vi text editor, 477, 534,

as an Emacs competitor, 534,

Video screens, 389,

Vietnam War, 190-200,

W

Wall, Larry, 562-563, 699, 717,

War on Drugs, 356,

Warren Weaver Hall, 72-74,

Weber, Max, 578,

Weizenbaum, Joseph, 374-375,

Windows (Microsoft), 78, 686,

source code and, 78,

Wired magazine, 146, 274, 632, 646,

GNU Project and, 646,

Woodrow Wilson/FDR Reform Democratic Club, 188,

World Trade Organization, 356,

X

X graphic user interface, 635,

Xerox Corporation, 29-39, 39, 49,

Palo Alto Research Center, 29, 49,

source code, publishing, 39-70,

Y

Yahi, 452,

Young, Robert, 355, 626, 671-673,

Z

Zimmerman, Phillip, 778,

Zwei (Zwei was Eine initially) text editor, 409,