Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf, 2005 (2005 SUA Fixed Platforms Protocol).^[*]

Done at: Rome

Date enacted: 1988-03-10

In force: 1992-03-01

The states Parties to this Convention,

Being parties to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation,

Recognizing that the reasons for which the Convention was elaborated also apply to fixed platforms located on the continental shelf,

Taking account of the provisions of that Convention,

Affirming that matters not regulated by this Protocol continue to begoverned by the rules and principles of general International law,

Have agreed as follows:

Article 1

1.	The provisions of article 1, paragraphs 1(c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h) and 2(a), of articles 2 bis , 5, 5 bis and 7, and of articles 10 to 16, including articles 11 bis , 11 ter and 12 bis , of the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation, as amended by the Protocol of 2005 to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation, shall also apply mutatis mutandis to the offences set forth in articles 2, 2 bis and 2 ter of this Protocol where such offences are committed on board or against fixed platforms located on the continental shelf.
2.	In cases where this Protocol does not apply pursuant to paragraph 1, it nevertheless applies when the offender or the alleged offender is found in the territory of a State Party other than the State in whose international waters or territorial sea the fixed platform is located.
3.	For the purposes of this Protocol, "fixed platform" means an artificial island, installation or structure permanently attached to the sea-bed for the purpose of exploration or exploitation of resources or for other economic purposes.

Article 2

Any person commits an offence if that person unlawfully and intentionally:

(a)	seizes or exercises control over a fixed platform by force or threat thereof or any other form of intimidation; or
(b)	performs an act of violence against a person on board a fixed platform lf that act is likely to endanger its safety; or
(c)	destroys a fixed platform or causes damage to it which is likely to endanger its safety; or
(d)	places or causes to be placed on a fixed platform, by any means whatsoever, a device or substance which is likely to destroy that fixed platform or likely to endanger its safety.

Any person also commits an offence if that person threatens, with or without a condition, as is provided for under national law, aimed at compelling a physical or juridical person to do or refrain from doing any act, to commit any of the offences set forth in paragraphs 1(b) and (c), if that threat is likely to endanger the safety of the fixed platform.

Article 2bis

Any person commits an offence within the meaning of this Protocol if that person unlawfully and intentionally, when the purpose of the act, by its nature or context, is to intimidate a population, or to compel a government or an international organization to do or to abstain from doing any act:

a.	uses against or on a fixed platform or discharges from a fixed platform any explosive, radioactive material or BCN weapon in a manner that causes or is likely to cause death or serious injury or damage; or
b.	discharges, from a fixed platform, oil, liquefied natural gas, or other hazardous or noxious substance, which is not covered by subparagraph (a), in such quantity or concentration that causes or is likely to cause death or serious injury or damage; or
c.	threatens, with or without a condition, as is provided for under national law, to commit an offence set forth in subparagraph (a) or (b).

Article 2ter

Any person also commits an offence within the meaning of this Protocol if that person:

unlawfully and intentionally injures or kills any person in connection with the commission of any of the offences set forth in article 2, paragraph 1, or article 2bis ; or

attempts to commit an offence set forth in article 2, paragraph 1, article 2bis , subparagraph (a) or (b), or subparagraph (a) of this article; or

participates as an accomplice in an offence set forth in article 2, article 2bis or subparagraph (a) or (b) of this article; or

organizes or directs others to commit an offence set forth in article 2, article 2bis or subparagraph (a) or (b) of this article; or

contributes to the commission of one or more offences set forth in article 2, article 2 bis or subparagraph (a) or (b) of this article, by a group of persons acting with a common purpose, intentionally and either:

(i)	with the aim of furthering the criminal activity or criminal purpose of the group, where such activity or purpose involves the commission of an offence set forth in article 2 or 2bis; or
(ii)	in the knowledge of the intention of the group to commit an offence set forth in article 2 or 2bis.

Article 3

Each State Party shall take such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over the offences set forth in articles 2, 2 bis and 2 ter when the offence is committed:

(a)	against or on board a fixed platform while it is located on the continental shelf of that State; or
(b)	by a national of that State.

A State Party may also establish its jurisdiction over any such offence when:

(a)	it is committed by a stateless person whose habitual residence is in that State;
(b)	during its commission a national of that State is seized, threatened, injured or killed; or
(c)	it is committed in an attempt to compel that State to do or abstain from doing any act.

Any State Party which has established jurisdiction mentioned in paragraph 2 shall notify the Secretary-General. If such State Party subsequently rescinds that jurisdiction, it shall notify the Secretary-General.

Each State Party shall take such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over the offences set forth in articles 2, 2 bis and 2 ter in cases where the alleged offender is present in its territory and it does not extradite the alleged offender to any of the States Parties which have established their jurisdiction in accordance with paragraphs 1 and 2.

This Protocol does not exclude any criminal jurisdiction exercised in accordance with national law

Article 4

Nothing ln this Protocol shall affect in any way the rules of international law pertaining to fixed platforms located on the continental shelf

Article 4bis

Final clauses of the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf, 2005

The final clauses of the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf, 2005, shall be articles 8 to 13 of the Protocol of 2005 to the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf. References in this Protocol to States Parties shall be taken to mean references to States Parties to the 2005 Protocol.

Article 5

This Protocol shall be open for signature at Rome on 10 March 1988 and at the Headquarters of the International Maritime Organization (hereinafter referred to as "the Organization") from 14 March 1988 to 9 March 1989 by any State which has signed the Convention. It shall thereafter remain open for accession.

States may express their consent to be bound by this Protocol by:

(a)	signature without reservation as to ratification, acceptance or approval; or
(b)	signature subject to ratification, acceptance or approval, followed by ratification, acceptance or approval; or
(c)	accession.

Ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument to that effect with the Secretary-General.

Only a State which has signed the Convention without reservation as to ratification, acceptance or approval, or has ratified, accepted, approved or acceded to the Convention may become a Party to this Protocol.

Article 6

1.	This Protocol shall enter into force ninety days following the date on which three States have either signed it without reservation as to ratification, acceptance or approval, or have deposited an instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession in respect thereof. However, this Protocol shall not enter into force before the Convention has entered into force.
2.	For a State which deposits an instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession in respect of this Protocol after the conditions for entry into force thereof have been met, the ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall take effect ninety days after the date of such deposit.

Article 7

1.	This Protocol may be denounced by any State Party at any time after the expiry of one year from the date on which this Protocol enters into force for that State.
2.	Denunciation shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of denunciation with the Secretary-General.
3.	A denunciation shall take effect one year, or such longer period as may be specified in the instrument of denunciation, after the receipt of the instrument of denunciation by the Secretary-General.
4.	A denunciation of the Convention by a State Party shall be deemed to be a denunciation of this Protocol by that Party.

Article 8

1.	A conference for the purpose of revising or amending this Protocol may be convened by the Organization.
2.	The Secretary-General shall convene a conference of the States Parties to this Protocol for revising or amending the Protocol, at the request of one third of the States Parties, or five States Parties, whichever is the higher figure.
3.	Any instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession deposited after the date of entry into force of an amendment to this Protocol shall be deemed to apply to the Protocol as amended.

Article 9

This Protocol shall be deposited with the Secretary-General.

The Secretary-General shall:

(a)

inform all States which have signed this Protocol or acceded thereto, and all Members of the Organization, of:

(i)	each new signature or deposit of an instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, together with the date thereof;
(ii)	the date of entry into force of this Protocol;
(iii)	the deposit of any instrument of denunciation of this Protocol together with the date on which it is received and the date on which the denunciation takes effect;
(iv)	the receipt of any declaration or notification made under this Protocol or under the Convention, concerning this Protocol.

(b)

transmit certified true copies of this Protocol to all States which have signed this Protocol or acceded thereto

As soon as this Protocol enters into force, a certified true copy thereof shall be transmitted by the Depositary to the Secretary-General of the United Nations for registration and publication in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.

Article 10

This Protocol is established in a single original in the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish languages, each text being equally authentic.

In witness thereof the undersigned, being duly authorised by their respective Governments for that purpose. have signed this Protocol.

Done at Rome this tenth day of March one thousand nine hundred and eighty-eight.

Ratifications as of May 2016

Number of ratifications: 35

Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Austria, Bulgaria, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Djibouti, Estonia, Fiji, Germany, Greece, Jamaica, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Nauru, Netherlands, Norway, Palau, Panama, Portugal, Qatar, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and Grenadines, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United States of America, Uruguay, Vanuatu

^[*]	As amended by Protocol 2005-10-14 in force 2010-07-28.

Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf, 2005 (2005 SUA Fixed Platforms Protocol). [*]