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Lee Andrew Bygrave

Image of Lee Andrew Bygrave
Norwegian
Email l.a.bygrave@jus.uio.no
Phone +4722859339 +47-22859640
Fax +47-22859620
Username
Visiting address Domus Nova St. Olavs plass 5 0130 OSLO
Postal address PPostboks 6706 St Olavs plass 0130 OSLO

Background

 

Lee A. Bygrave was born in 1963. He was awarded a Doctorate of Laws (dr. juris) at the University of Oslo in 2000. Prior to this, he was awarded the degrees of Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in 1985 and Bachelor of Laws (Honours) in 1989 – both from the Australian National University, Canberra. He is currently Professor at the Department of Private Law, University of Oslo.

Within the Department of Private Law, Bygrave is attached to the Norwegian Research Center for Computers and Law, along with the Center for Research on Markets, Innovation and Technology. He is additionally a research associate (formerly founding co-director) of the Cyberspace Law and Policy Centre at the University of New South Wales, Sydney.

His teaching appointments range across numerous institutions, including the universities of Vienna, Stockholm, Tilburg, New South Wales and Oslo. At the latter, Bygrave is Director of the LL.M. program in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Law and one of the program’s principal teachers. He is also in charge of teaching English law of contract.

Bygrave has been involved in research and policy development of various aspects of ICT regulation for over two decades. He has acted as expert advisor on ICT regulatory policy for the EU Commission, Nordic Council of Ministers, Computer Science and Technology Board of the US National Academies, UK House of Lords Constitution Committee, Dutch Scientific Council for Government Policy, Norwegian Government, and Telenor.

Bygrave has published particularly extensively within the field of privacy/data protection law. He is the author of an international standard work in that field, Data Protection Law: Approaching Its Rationale, Logic and Limits (Kluwer Law International, 2002).

Much of Bygrave’s current research focuses on Internet regulation. He is co-author and principle editor of Internet Governance: Infrastructure and Institutions (Oxford University Press, 2009), and he heads a major research project, “Governance of the Domain Name System: New Parameters, New Challenges”, with funding from the Norwegian Research Council and Norid.

Bygrave serves on the editorial boards of Computer Law & Security Review (Elsevier) and International Data Privacy Law (Oxford University Press). He served also as a member of the Advisory Board for the former Data Protection Research and Policy Group at the British Institute of International and Comparative Law, London.

Special fields

• Privacy and data protection law
• Internet governance
• Information security
• Computer crime
• Intellectual property law
• Private international law
• Alternative dispute resolution

Publications

  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2013). Contract vs. statute in Internet governance, In Ian Brown (ed.),  Research Handbook on Governance of the Internet.  Edward Elgar Publishing.  ISBN 978 1 84980 502 5.  kapittel 8.  s 168 - 197
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2013). Personvern som lettvekter, I:  Forsker og formidler. Festskrift til Erik Magnus Boe på 70-årsdagen 17. april 2013.  Universitetsforlaget.  ISBN 978-82-15-02201-7.  kapittel 5.  s 88 - 109
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2013). The Data Difficulty in Database Protection. European intellectual property review.  ISSN 0142-0461.  35(1), s 25- 33
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew & Greenleaf, Graham (2011). Not entirely adequate but far away: Lessons from how Europe sees New Zealand data protection. Privacy Laws & Business International Newsletter.  ISSN 2046-844X.  (111), s 8- 9
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew; Kierkegaard, Sylvia; Waters, Nigel; Greenleaf, Graham; Lloyd, Ian & Saxby, Stephen (2011). 30 Years On: The Review of the Council of Europe Data Protection Convention 108. Computer Law and Security Report.  ISSN 0267-3649.  27(3), s 223- 231
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2010). Captain Surveillance v. Mr. X: An Essay on the Semantics and Politics of ‘Surveillance Society’, In Dag Wiese Schartum (ed.),  Overvåking i en rettsstat.  Fagbokforlaget.  ISBN 978-82-450-1048-0.  kapittel 2.  s 49 - 61
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2010). Privacy and data protection in an international perspective :. Scandinavian Studies in Law.  ISSN 0085-5944.  56, s 165- 200
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2010). The Body as Data? Biobank Regulation via the ‘Back Door’ of Data Protection Law. Law, Innovation and Technology.  ISSN 1757-9961.  2(1), s 1- 25
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew & Hubbard, Amanda (2009). Internet Governance goes Global, In Lee Andrew Bygrave & Jon Bing (ed.),  Internet Governance -- Infrastructure and Institutions.  Oxford University Press.  ISBN 978-0-19-956113-1.  Kapittel 6.  s 213 - 235
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew & Michaelsen, Terje Lundby (2009). Governors of Internet, In Lee Andrew Bygrave & Jon Bing (ed.),  Internet Governance -- Infrastructure and Institutions.  Oxford University Press.  ISBN 978-0-19-956113-1.  Kapittel 3.  s 92 - 125
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew & Schartum, Dag Wiese (2009). Consent, Proportionality and Collective Power, In Serge Gutwirth; Yves Poullet; Paul De Hert; Cécile de Terwangne & Sjaak Nouwt (ed.),  Reinventing Data Protection?.  Springer Science+Business Media B.V..  ISBN 978-1-4020-9497-2.  Kapittel 9.  s 157 - 173
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew; Schiavetta, Susan; Thunem, Hilde; Lange, Annebeth B. & Phillips, Edward (2009). The Naming Game: Governance of the Domain Name System, In Lee Andrew Bygrave & Jon Bing (ed.),  Internet Governance -- Infrastructure and Institutions.  Oxford University Press.  ISBN 978-0-19-956113-1.  Kapittel 5.  s 147 - 212
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2008). International agreements to protect personal data, In James B. Rule & Graham Greenleaf (ed.),  Global Privacy Protection: The First Generation.  Edward Elgar Publishing.  ISBN 9781848440630.  Kapittel 1.  s 15 - 49
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2006). Strengthening privacy protection in the Internet environment: A modest program of action. Privacy Law and Policy Reporter.  ISSN 1321-3563.  11(8), s 222- 226
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2006). The Meaning of "Data" and Similar Concepts - An Issue of Growing Legal Importance, In Cecilia Magnusson Sjöberg & Peter Wahlgren (ed.),  Festskrift till Peter Seipel.  Norstedts Juridik AB.  ISBN 91-39-01140-2.  Bidrag.  s 117 - 126
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2006). The Technologisation of Copyright: Implications for Privacy and Related Interests, In Brian F Fitzgerald (ed.),  Cyberlaw (The International Library of Essays in Law and Legal Theory. Second Series).  Ashgate.  ISBN 0-7546-2434-X.  Bind II, kapittel 35.  s 421 - 427
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2005). Datakriminalitet, I: Arild J. Jansen & Dag Wiese Schartum (red.),  Informasjonssikkerhet - Rettslige krav til sikker bruk av IKT.  Fagbokforlaget.  ISBN 82-450-0274-7.  Kapittel 11.  s 295 - 307
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2004). Personvern etter 11. september , I: Dag Ekelberg & Maria Ludvigsson (red.),  Frihet - samtalen fortsetter.  Civita senter for næringsliv og samfunn.  ISBN 8292581014.  artikkel.  s 142 - 159
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2004). Privacy Protection in a Global Context - A Comparative Overview. Scandinavian Studies in Law.  ISSN 0085-5944.  47, s 319- 348
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2003). Digital Rights Management and Privacy - Legal Aspects in the European Union, In  Digital Rights Management: Technological, Economic, Legal and Political Aspects.  Springer.  ISBN 3-540-40465-1.  4.2.2.  s 418 - 446

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  • Schartum, Dag Wiese & Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2011). Personvern i informasjonssamfunnet. En innføring i vern av personopplysninger. 2. utgave. Fagbokforlaget.  ISBN 978-82-450-0996-5.  311 s.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew & Bing, Jon (ed.) (2009). Internet Governance -- Infrastructure and Institutions. Oxford University Press.  ISBN 978-0-19-956113-1.  246 s.
  • Schartum, Dag Wiese & Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2004). Personvern i informasjonssamfunnet : En innføring i vern av personopplysninger. Fagbokforlaget.  ISBN 8245001201.  286 s.

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  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2013). The Predilection for Contract in Internet Governance: Boon or Bane?.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2012). Behandling av genetiske data etter EU sitt forslag til personvernforordning.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2012). Big Data og personvern.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2012). Contractual Aspects of Internet Governance.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2012). Data Protection versus Copyright.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2012). EU Data Protection Law and Third Countries.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2012). Globalt problem -- global regulering?.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2012). Internet Governance by Contract: Its Utility.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2012). Privacy restraints on employers' monitoring of employees' use of confidential information.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2012). Styring av Internettets domenenavnsystem: Utfordringer og utvikling.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2012). The Legal Environment for the Internet in Norway.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2012). The Utility and Legitimacy of Contract in Internet Governance.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2012). Viktige forskjeller mellom EU sitt personverndirektiv og forslaget til personvernforordning.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2011). Governance of Critical Internet Resources.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2011). Legal Use of Information Concepts: A Case of "Garbage In = Garbage Out"?.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2011). Public versus Private Law in Governance of the Domain Name System and the Future Internet.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2011). The Predilection for Contract in Internet Governance: Its Rationale and Limits.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2011). The legal significance of information concepts.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2011). What is "data" in data protection law? Implications for the propertisation debate..
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2010). Data Collection Limits and Notice Requirements (Including Anonymity).
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2010). Informational Concepts in Law.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2010). Reflections on the Interplay of Policy, Information and Technology, with the Concept of "iGovernment" as Point of Departure.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2010). The EU's Current Approach to the Adequacy Criterion for Transborder Data Flow.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2009). Bolstering Privacy and Tackling Surveillance in Norway: The Work of the Norwegian Privacy Commission.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2009). "Internet Governance" i et privatrettslig perspektiv.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2009). Legal Aspects of WHOIS Databases.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2009). Lovrevisjonsarbeid på personvernfeltet med fokus på direktiv 95/46/EF og personopplysningsloven: Hva har vi i vente?.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2009). Personal Data Export Restrictions and Jurisdictional Issues in a Web 2.0 World: European and Asian-Pacific Perspectives.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2009). Personopplysningslovens hovedtrekk.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2009). Personvernkommisjonens innstilling.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2009). Personvernkommisjonens innstilling vedrørende samferdselssektor.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2009). The Semantics and Politics of "Surveillance Society".
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2009). The meaning of informational concepts in law.
  • Hannemyr, Gisle; Lunde, Kjellbjørg; Coll, Line Marianne; Ulrichsen, Christine Lie & Bygrave, Lee Andrew (red.) (2009). NOU 2009:1 Individ og integritet. Personvern i det digitale samfunnet .
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2008). How to build privacy protection: A present day view of choices and difficulties..
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2008, 25. januar). Personvern på nett . [Internett].  Aftenposten.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2008). The Data Retention Directive in the Norwegian Legal Context.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2008). The Impact of Surveillance on the Relationship between the State and Citizens.
  • Kalsnes, Bente & Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2008, 02. mars). EU tok Norge på sengen - Datalagringsdirektiv skulle opprinnelig ikke omfatter EØS-land.  Mandag Morgen.
  • Kalsnes, Bente & Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2008, 26. juni). Svenskene ser deg . [Internett].  Forskning.no.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2007). Data Privacy Law and the Human Body -- Oil and Water?.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2007). International Perspectives on Privacy, In James Waldo; Herbert S. Lin & Lynette I. Millett (ed.),  Engaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age.  The National Academies Press.  ISBN 978-0-309-10392-3.  Appendix B.  s 366 - 399
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2007). Internet Governance.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2007). Personvern, rettssikkerhet og terrorbekjempelse .
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2007). Socio-cultural requirements for development and application of privacy-enhancing technologies.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew; Greenleaf, Graham & Waters, Nigel (2007). Closing the privacy-free zones: An analysis of ALRC proposals concerning Privacy Act exemptions. Submission to the Australian Law Reform Commission on Discussion Paper 72 (Review of Australian Privacy Laws) .
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew; Greenleaf, Graham & Waters, Nigel (2007). Implementing Privacy Principles: After 20 Years, It’s Time to Enforce the Privacy Act. Submission to the Australian Law Reform Commission on Issues Paper 31 (Review of Privacy) .
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew; Greenleaf, Graham & Waters, Nigel (2007). Promoting and enforcing privacy principles: An analysis of ALRC proposals for the role of the Privacy Commissioner. Submission to the Australian Law Reform Commission on Discussion Paper 72 (Review of Australian Privacy Laws) .
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew; Greenleaf, Graham & Waters, Nigel (2007). Strengthening uniform privacy principles: An analysis of the ALRC’s proposed principles. Submission to the Australian Law Reform Commission on Discussion Paper 72 (Review of Australian Privacy Laws) .
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew & Schartum, Dag Wiese (2007). Consent versus Proportionality Principle: Are the Proportions Right?.
  • Solberg, Jan P. & Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2007, 17. april). Ingen jubel for norsk personvern . [Internett].  Personvernrapporten 2007.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2006). Governance of the Domain Name System -- Overview of Players and Processes.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2006). International instruments on protection of personal data: An overview of four decades of development.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2006). Online Alternative Dispute Resolution: Assessing the Last 5 Years of Development.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2006). Review of M. Klang and A. Murray (eds.), Human Rights in the Digital Age (London: The Glasshouse Press, 2005).. Nordisk tidsskrift for menneskerettigheter.  ISSN 1503-6480.  24(1), s 82- 86
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2006). Technological Protection Measures: The New Privateers.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew & Olsen, Thomas (2006). Three case studies on current data protection issues related to information technology.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew & Schartum, Dag Wiese (2006). Utredning av behov for endringer i personopplysningsloven.
  • Schartum, Dag Wiese & Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2006). Personvern - personopplysningsvern.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2005). Hvordan vil teknologiutviklingen prege vårt samfunn i 5-10 års perspektiv?.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2005). Protecting Sensitive Personal Data: Scandinavian Perspectives and Marked Differences within the EU.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2005). Reflections on Airport Security and Its Social Aspects from a Scandinavian Perspective.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2005). Rettsregler for vern av teknologiske mekanismer for beskyttelse av opphavsrett mv fra et (kritisk) forbrukerperspektiv..
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2005). Review of M. Tugendhat QC & I. Christie (eds.), The Law of Privacy and the Media (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002).. International Journal of Law and Information Technology.  ISSN 0967-0769.  13, s 286- 289
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2005). Tasmania’s privacy law due to start. Privacy Law and Policy Reporter.  ISSN 1321-3563.  11, s 202- 203
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2005). The impact of Digital Rights Management Systems on end-user privacy interests..
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2004). Assessment of Case Law concerning Data Protection under Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2004). De juridiske rammene for personvern og konsumentrettigheter i transport.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2004). Digital Rights Management Systems and Privacy.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2004). Ensuring Respect for Privacy on the Internet.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2004). Ensuring privacy in the context of possible amendment of the Copyright Directive (2001/29/EC).
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2004). Krav til rettslig grunnlag for å behandle personopplysninger til forskningsformål.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2004). Personvern - post 11. september.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2004). Privacy, Identification and Identity Theft in an Online Society.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2004). Safe Harbour Decision Implementation Study .
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2004). Scandinavian Culture of Collection and Handling of Personal Data in (Electronic) Relationships.
  • Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2003). Data protection: Technical Potentialities and Legal Consequences.

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Published Mar 26, 2008 11:09 AM - Last modified May 16, 2013 09:21 AM