Helene Oppen Ingebrigtsen Gundhus

• Søgaard, Thomas Friis; Andell, Paul; Coomber, Ross; Chomczyński, Piotr; Bowden, Matt & Gundhus, Helene Oppen Ingebrigtsen [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2026). Criminal exploitation and vulnerability in drug markets: A six-nation comparison of its recognition in international policy discourses and criminal justice systems. European Journal of Criminology. ISSN 1477-3708. doi: 10.1177/14773708261427649. Full text in Research Archive
• Kilis, Emils; Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Galis, Vasilis (2025). Prediction. In Kaufmann, Mareile & Lomell, Heidi Mork (Ed.), De Gruyter Handbook of Digital Criminology. De Gruyter Brill. ISSN 9783111061931. p. 371–379. doi: 10.1515/9783111062037-043. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Prediction has a long history in the social sciences, and advances in computing and statistics have transformed our ability to predict in a wide range of domains. However, concerns have been raised about an indiscriminate application of a predictive logic, and crime is an area where this is quite pronounced. Indeed, while the police, correctional service, and criminal courts have become increasingly reliant on digital systems of prediction, critics have drawn our attention to numerous issues and complexities attendant to this process. This chapter looks at prediction in the criminological realm and provides an overview of key arguments concerning the way data are generated, organized, and used as input for predictive tools and technologies, and how the results are interpreted in the context of criminal justice. By doing so, it aims to show that the discussions surrounding prediction highlight how digital tools are transforming the nature of knowledge and expertise within the criminal justice system.

• Gundhus, Helene Oppen Ingebrigtsen & Wathne, Christin Thea (2025). ‘When Shall We Meet?’ Digitalisation of Workforce Planning in the Norwegian Police. In Kuldova, Tereza Østbø; Hagen, Inger Marie & Lloyd, Anthony (Ed.), Digital Technology, Algorithmic Governance and Workplace Democracy: Interrogating the Nordic Model in Practice. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 9783032027535. p. 315–346. doi: 10.1007/978-3-032-02754-2_11. Full text in Research Archive
• Galis, Vasilis; Gundhus, Helene Oppen Ingebrigtsen & Vradis, Antonis (2025). Introduction: the discreet charm of predictive policing. In Vradis, Antonis (Eds.), Critical Perspectives on Predictive Policing – Anticipating Proof?. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 9781035323036. p. 1–20. doi: 10.4337/9781035323036.00006. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Over the past 20 years, police organisations and practices across the globe have adopted data-driven tools to predict and prevent crime. Advances in digitalisation combined with the increasing role of private security, tech, and consulting companies are reshaping contemporary policing. Techno-managerialism, underpinned by computational logic, has altered the way we think – from causality to correlations and probabilities. In this introduction, we present the historical origins of predictive policing, a genealogical analysis of the concept, and introduce external factors for understanding the rise of predictive policing. Next, the critical understanding of predictive policing will be presented. The background is that the discreet charm of prediction, in terms of increased efficiency, reduced fiscal burdens, improved accuracy of decision-making, streamlined data management, and lower crime rates, has in recent years been met with scepticism, considerable critique, and even warnings of dystopia. We conclude the introduction by presenting our interdisciplinary approach to predictive policing and the volume's analysis of digital police infrastructure in Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, Norway, Sweden, and the UK.

• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Larsson, Paul (2025). Fremtidens politi? In Larsson, Paul; Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Granér, Rolf (Ed.), Innføring i politivitenskap. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202837976. p. 359–390. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen (2025). Forebyggende politiarbeid. In Larsson, Paul; Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Granér, Rolf (Ed.), Innføring i politivitenskap. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202837976. p. 193–226. Full text in Research Archive
• Skjevrak, Pernille Erichsen & Gundhus, Helene Oppen Ingebrigtsen (2025). From personal archives to intelligence: visibility and ignorance in forecasting “youth at risk”. In Vradis, Antonis (Eds.), Critical Perspectives on Predictive Policing – Anticipating Proof?. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 9781035323036. p. 63–83. doi: 10.4337/9781035323036.00009. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In this chapter, we examine predictive policing as seen in a crime prevention project aimed at early intervention toward youth identified as being “at risk” of committing crime. It was a new approach, initiated by a crime prevention police unit and supported by an intelligence unit, in which systematic assessments and visualizations of at-risk young people were conducted using data from police systems. Applying the concept of ignorance, we analyze how some information was overlooked and other information was emphasized and made visible. We discuss the implications of the project, which led to increased control practices in what was considered a low-risk group. Established practice in the unit was largely informal and invisible, as assessments and follow-ups were either unrecorded or kept in personal archives. We therefore also address the absence of internal transparency and accountability in traditional preventive police work.

• Gundhus, Helene Oppen Ingebrigtsen & Lundgaard, Jenny Maria (2025). Intelligence. In Kaufmann, Mareile & Lomell, Heidi Mork (Ed.), De Gruyter Handbook of Digital Criminology. De Gruyter Brill. ISSN 9783111061931. p. 287–295. doi: 10.1515/9783111062037-034. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Intelligence can be understood as an organizational activity and a power process, where security and powers are enhanced by identifying what is believed to happen in the future, in the absence of countermeasures. This chapter looks at the origins and meaning of the term and shows how intelligence can be framed both as a process, as a product, a managerial effort, and as practice. As intelligence depends on information gathering and is heavily influenced by the information technologies used, new forms of digitalization make intelligence an intriguing field for criminologists interested in the production and use of knowledge by states, in law enforcement, or elsewhere.

• Gundhus, Helene Oppen Ingebrigtsen; Skjevrak, Pernille Erichsen & Wathne, Christin Thea (2025). Negotiating digital traces. The epistemic power of recorded police data. Nordic Journal of Science and Technology Studies. ISSN 1894-4647. 13(1), p. 18–31. doi: 10.5324/njsts.v13i1.5872. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Drawing on two empirical cases in different Norwegian police units, we explore how the increasing data gathering, recording, sorting, standardizing, and integration required by the Norwegian police's Intelligence Doctrine is experienced by users. Inspired by domestication theory, we provide new insights into police officers’ varied perceptions, interpretations, and use of data. Our main finding is that digital traces were not necessarily used as the steered and managed intelligence process envisioned in the Intelligence Doctrine, and that this led to various adverse outcomes. Police officers engaged with recorded and digital traces in varied ways—rejecting, resisting, ignoring, supporting, adopting, or negotiating them. The intelligence process was constrained by bias inherent to the system, which resulted from focusing information gathering on what was already available, and from connecting it to recurrent individuals and problems. In the processes of turning analogue objects into digital ones, police officers’ gut feeling and intuition still mattered, for example when information was selected for the crime intelligence system. The way the police related to the epistemic power of the data varied, but officers were obliged to relate to this uncertain element. Despite the standardized framework for how data should be applied, differences in practical routines, the digital tools used, symbolic work and learning processes revealed that its domestication in the police organization was messy. We found gaps between policy and practice, which can be seen both in unexpected workarounds and in solutions for organizing routines and everyday work. These reciprocal processes influenced and were influenced by police culture. As police intelligence evolves, the interpretation and utilization of recorded data may change, especially with the use of algorithms and artificial intelligence. Future research will show how police navigate between data-driven and observation-based narratives, and how this affects their social identity within a continuum of “datafied” and “contextual” police culture.

• Egbert, Simon; Galis, Vasilis & Gundhus, Helene Oppen Ingebrigtsen (2024). The role of data integration and analysis platforms in contemporary society: an introduction. Information, Communication & Society. ISSN 1369-118X. 27(13), p. 2333–2342. doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2024.2433556. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This introduction to the special issue on data integration and analytics platforms provides an overview of the current importance of these platforms, with particular reference to the market leader, Palantir Technologies. In addition to the platformization of many areas of society through the use of data integration and analytics platforms, we argue that, where Palantir platforms are used, the process of ‘Palantirization’ can also be observed, because Palantir as a company is characterized not only by powerful platforms, but also by particular market entry techniques and, in particular, a decidedly political stance. This, we argue, is part of the package when Palantir's platforms were adopted.

• Egbert, Simon; Galis, Vasilis; Gundhus, Helene Oppen Ingebrigtsen & Wathne, Christin Thea (2024). The Platformization of Policing: A Cross-National Analysis. In Kuldova, Tereza Østbø; Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Wathne, Christin Thea (Ed.), Policing and Intelligence in the Global Big Data Era, Volume I: New Global Perspectives on Algorithmic Governance. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 9783031683251. p. 349–392. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-68326-8_11. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Policing and Intelligence in the Global Big Data Era, Volume I, the first of a two volume set, presents a rich and unique collection of global perspectives on data-driven predictive technologies and the expansion and use of surveillance apparatuses in policing and intelligence, both public and private. Centered around the notion of ‘algorithmic governance’, this volume explores various practices of abstract and intelligence-led policing within the context of surveillance and regulatory capitalism. Each chapter interrogates these concepts as much as realities on the ground as they play out across the globe – from Russia, USA, India, Brazil to Denmark, Germany and Norway. The volume offers a unique insight into the ways in which technologies and data-driven practices – from facial recognition, predictive algorithms, to generative AI – are reshaping cultures of policing both within and beyond police proper. Particular attention is paid to the simultaneous privatization and pluralization policing and intelligence and to the proliferation of new intelligence actors. Academics, students and readers interested in the fields of criminology, social anthropology, critical algorithm.

• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Solhjell, Randi (2024). Police Stops in Norway: Public Controversies and Minority Status. In Maillard, Jacques de; Verfaillie, Kristof & Rowe, Mike (Ed.), The Politicization of Police Stops in Europe: Public Issues and Police Reform. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 9783031351242. p. 197–219. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjällgren, Anniken Margaretha Gedde & Gundhus, Helene Oppen Ingebrigtsen (2024). Integrert påtale i politiet: Politijuristers syn på samspill og styring. Tidsskrift for strafferett. ISSN 1502-685X. 24(4), p. 318–342. doi: 10.18261/strafferett.24.4.6. Full text in Research Archive
• Kuldova, Tereza Østbø; Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Wathne, Christin Thea (2024). Introduction to volume 1: Algorithmic governance, policing and intelligence in the Global Big Data Era. In Kuldova, Tereza Østbø; Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Wathne, Christin Thea (Ed.), Policing and Intelligence in the Global Big Data Era, Volume I: New Global Perspectives on Algorithmic Governance. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 9783031683251. p. 1–25. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-68326-8_1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Policing and Intelligence in the Global Big Data Era, Volume I, the first of a two volume set, presents a rich and unique collection of global perspectives on data-driven predictive technologies and the expansion and use of surveillance apparatuses in policing and intelligence, both public and private. Centered around the notion of ‘algorithmic governance’, this volume explores various practices of abstract and intelligence-led policing within the context of surveillance and regulatory capitalism. Each chapter interrogates these concepts as much as realities on the ground as they play out across the globe – from Russia, USA, India, Brazil to Denmark, Germany and Norway. The volume offers a unique insight into the ways in which technologies and data-driven practices – from facial recognition, predictive algorithms, to generative AI – are reshaping cultures of policing both within and beyond police proper. Particular attention is paid to the simultaneous privatization and pluralization policing and intelligence and to the proliferation of new intelligence actors. Academics, students and readers interested in the fields of criminology, social anthropology, critical algorithm.

• Gundhus, Helene Oppen Ingebrigtsen (2024). Selective navigation: risk prediction cultures in criminal justice practices. Justice, Power and Resistance. ISSN 2398-2764. 7(2), p. 111–128. doi: 10.1332/26352338Y2024D000000021. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In his article ‘Selective incapacitation revisited’, Thomas Mathiesen (1998) addresses the dominance of a technical and scientific language associated with the risk prediction culture that originated from a criminological research community where risk is considered as objective and measurable. In this article I discuss how practitioners perceive these aspects of risk prediction. For policymakers, targeting means using thresholds to target groups of offenders, but for frontline officers, it means targeting an individual. The officer must set an individualised assessment against the aggregated assessments from risk predictions. I will analyse how this has manifested in three Norwegian risk assessment projects: the offender assessment system, risk assessment of violent extremism, and early intervention to prevent youth crime. This article contributes to the understanding of how the political aspects of risk impact practitioners, and how the concept of risk as an artifact is understood by practitioners. I will first present the context of selective incapacitation and the history of research in this field. I will then contextualise the different understandings of risk within policy and practice. The main section is an analysis of the three cases. I end by discussing how acknowledgement of the political aspects of risk can promote sensitivity around the use of risk assessment tools.

• Gundhus, Helene Oppen Ingebrigtsen & Wathne, Christin Thea (2024). Norwegian Police as a Learning Organization in the Age of Data-Driven Intelligence? In Kuldova, Tereza Østbø; Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Wathne, Christin Thea (Ed.), Policing and Intelligence in the Global Big Data Era, Volume II: New Global Perspectives on the Politics and Ethics of Knowledge. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 9783031682971. p. 129–158. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-68298-8_6. Full text in Research Archive
• Lundgaard, Jenny Maria & Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen (2024). Den digitale hviskeleken: Data, informasjon og kunnskap i etterretningsstyrt politiarbeid. In Unneberg, Espen Bjella; Jansen, Pia Therese & Trønnes, Otto (Ed.), Etterretningsanalyse i politiet. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215061078. p. 220–232. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen; Wathne, Christin Thea & Kuldova, Tereza Østbø (2024). Introduction to Volume II: Interrogating Cultures of Policing and Intelligence in the Big Data Era. In Kuldova, Tereza Østbø; Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Wathne, Christin Thea (Ed.), Policing and Intelligence in the Global Big Data Era, Volume II: New Global Perspectives on the Politics and Ethics of Knowledge. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 9783031682971. p. 1–24. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-68298-8_1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Advances in artificial intelligence combined with the increasing role of private security, tech, and consulting companies, are reshaping contemporary policing and the ways in which we ensure security, enforce law, and prevent and investigate crime. This chapter introduces the volume II which zooms in on the epistemologies of data in algorithmic governance, setting the stage for the discussions across this volume, in which we interrogate the various roles, quality of, and assumptions behind data collection and how data has become an instrument in governance, management, and decision-making. Data is used for the purposes of both public and private surveillance and governance and critical attention therefore needs to be paid to how gathering, sharing, and reuse of data is both political and culturally constructed in a global context. We also need to account for the ways in which it affects knowledge production in non-transparent ways and for the human and social consequences of this development. This chapter prepares the ground for the discussions across this second volume where we delve into the imaginaries of accuracy, clean versus dirty data in South Africa, discussions about facial recognition and technopolitics in Brazil, the construction of intelligence and organisational learning in Norwegian police, data reuse in humanitarian aid and border control, ethics and broader questions of transparency, data quality, and trust in data-driven policing, as well as the very topical issues of policing of generative AI and the ways in which authoritarian and liberal democracies use biopolitics to turn social welfare into surveillance, with examples from India and China.

• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Wathne, Christin Thea (2024). Diffusion and resistance to intelligence in the Norwegian Police. In Rønn, Kira Vrist; Diderichsen, Adam; Hartmann, Mia & Hartvigsen, Melanie (Ed.), Intelligence practices in high-trust societies : Scandinavian exceptionalism?. Routledge. ISSN 9781032617039. p. 189–200. doi: 10.4324/9781032616377-17. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This book examines the dynamics of intelligence practices in the Scandinavian culture of high social cohesion and high trust. Situated within the new body of scholarly literature, the book emphasizes critical empirical investigations of intelligence practices, highlighting the specific cultural settings of such practices. By providing Scandinavian perspectives on intelligence studies, the work distinguishes Scandinavian intelligence studies from the predominant Anglo-American perspectives. Throughout the Western world, the past two decades have generated a rapid expansion of the legal mandate, funding, and capabilities of intelligence agencies which, simultaneously, have been pushed to renegotiate and renew their legitimacy and democratic mandate in response to a recurrent pattern of scandals, leaks, and failures. While these tendencies are also evident in Scandinavia, the book argues that it is important to emphasize the unique context of cohesion and trust in state agencies that differentiates Scandinavian welfare states from the American (and to a lesser extent British) contexts. This book brings together scholars from Norway, Sweden, and Denmark to address the continuous renegotiation of the legitimacy of state intelligence as it plays out in a Scandinavian setting. This book will be of interest to students of intelligence studies, Nordic politics, security studies, and International Relations.

• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Wathne, Christin Thea (2024). Resistance to platformization: Palantir in the Norwegian police. Information, Communication & Society. ISSN 1369-118X. doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2024.2325533. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In 2016, the Norwegian police signed a contract with Palantir Technology for the provision of the surveillance platform Gotham, a platform that enables agencies to integrate data stored in different databases from internal and external sources. The project was to be ready for operation in 2018. In February 2020, the Norwegian Police Directorate announced the project had ended. When they signed off the contract, they had spent around NOK 100 million for nothing. Drawing on documents and interviews with police managers and officers involved in the Gotham project, we explore how platformization represented a conflicting institutional logic which collided with the dominant one and threatened established power structures. Platformization, understood as an organizational process, competes with professionalism and bureaucracy as established institutional logics in the police to control and coordinate work. The analysis of conflicting institutional logics stemming from socio-technical and material objects, reveals how police staff experiences of the symbolic, material and cognitive aspects of logics are of importance in domestication processes. The struggle for market dominance also fueled the conflict between established and new suppliers. The totalizing tendencies of platform policing may explain why the project went on for so long before it was terminated. To a certain degree, our findings show data becoming a major currency, and there is a calculative logic in this type of policing. Platform policing has user activity as its source, and non-use stops the business.

• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen; Skjevrak, Pernille & Wathne, Christin (2023). We Will Always Be Better Than a Spreadsheet: Intelligence Logic and Crime Prevention in Practice. European Journal of Policing Studies. ISSN 2034-760X. p. 27–49. doi: 10.5553/EJPS/2034760X2022001009. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Previous studies point to an increasingly entrenched risk-based logic of performance management in policing, where crime fighting is central. This article analyses how police crime preventers respond to these shifts and develop their practice. We explore empirically how intelligence-led policing is employed in police crime prevention efforts in a vulnerable area and the dilemmas that arise. Drawing on institutional logic theory we examine the rejigging of the pressures and complexities of institutional logic in question. We particularly highlight how a risk-based logic affects the practices of the police crime preventers: the type of data that is seen as important and how it is used. Crime prevention and intelligence-led policing both are future-oriented, although they have different time frames and requirements for what is defined as valid knowledge. To conclude, our findings indicate there have been shifts in relations and the power balance within the police organization, owing to the demands of data-driven police practice.

• Nøkleberg, Martin & Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen (2023). Schengen as a European criminal justice instrument – the power of evaluation. In Brandariz, José A.; Klaus, Witold & Martynowicz, Agnieszka (Ed.), Forced Mobility of EU Citizens: Transnational Criminal Justice Instruments and the Management of 'Unwanted' EU Nationals. Routledge. ISSN 9781032184531. p. 187–208. doi: 10.4324/9781003254584. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The Schengen agreement, signed in 1985, is considered pivotal to European integration project, as it is designed to support the free movement of persons and cross-border mobility by the removal of internal border checks. By making movement across internal borders in Europe easier, the agreement is assumed to promote the use of the four freedoms and thus provide citizens and businesses with new opportunities to pursue with positive economic externalities. This chapter aims to unpack the development of Schengen by seeing evaluation and monitoring mechanisms as a form of power. It looks at evaluation as a governance instrument shaping the construction of Schengen as a criminal justice and security area. Taking the case of Schengen evaluation of Norway as its point of departure, the chapter explores how Norwegian police officers perceive and navigate the mechanism which enables a form of community of practice, and how they view the move towards tighter control by the European Commission in the evaluation process.

• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen; Talberg, Olav Niri & Wathne, Christin Thea (2022). False Reporting in the Norwegian Police: Analyzing Counter-productive Elements in Performance Management Systems. Criminal Justice Ethics. ISSN 0731-129X. 41(3), p. 191–214. doi: 10.1080/0731129X.2022.2146321. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Despite the growing body of work exploring the weaknesses of police performance systems and the displacement of their goals, less attention has been given to why police officers resist and circumvent by false reporting. Whether police report honestly on their activities is a matter of considerable significance given the role that police have in a broadly democratic society, and the overall question is whether the false reporting undermines the integrity of the police or if it is a collective coping strategy that safeguards the police ethos? This survey reveals that 25% of respondents (n = 2248) had manipulated the numbers at least once in the previous year. To identify why they did so, the variables selected for analysis are those determining their view of the Management by Objective (MBO) system, how far they have participated in the MBO process and how often they are unable to assist a member of the public. Our results show that men are more likely to manipulate the numbers than women and non-leaders are more likely to do so than leaders. Respondents were more likely to submit false reports if they had not participated in the MBO process, were not motivated by MBO goals, believed the MBO indicators misdirected their focus and frequently felt that they were forced to reject members of the public they would like to help. Our findings further show that public servants can be corrupted, though they do not “bring” vices to work with them, but rather acquire vices through what is required of them.

• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen; Talberg, Niri & Wathne, Christin Thea (2022). Investigating at a Distance: Abstractness in Detective Work. In Terpstra, Jan; Salet, Renze & Fyfe, Nicholas R. (Ed.), The abstract police: Critical reflections on contemporary change in police organisations. Eleven International Publishing. ISSN 9789462362642. p. 103–130. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen; Talberg, Olav Niri & Wathne, Christin Thea (2021). From discretion to standardization: Digitalization of the police organization. International Journal of Police Science and Management. ISSN 1461-3557. 1(15). doi: 10.1177/14613557211036554. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In this article, we aim to examine whether intelligence-led policing in police practice reinforces the control model of the police organization. We argue that digitalization of police working life resurrects several of Taylor’s management principles, such as greater division of labor, specialization, standardization and focus on measurable and efficient processes. Drawing on empirical research via two cross-sectional surveys, focus group and individual in-depth interviews with 40 Norwegian police officers, we analyze the extent to which this is conditioned by how work processes are organized and how knowledge practices are operationalized and standardized. We show perceptions of standardization that break up policing processes and lead to greater control over which tasks the front line performs and how these should be carried out. As a result, traditional police discretion becomes more standardized, constrained and de-contextualized. This is reinforced by the implementation of intelligence-led policing to manage knowledge within the police organization, which may eventually lead to a more top-down, bureaucratic and fragmented style of policing. Thus police professionalism becomes understood as being greater standardization and organizational control. An unintended consequence is a shift towards digitalized neo-Taylorism in policing, with implications for de-skilling of the police. The results demonstrate a managerialist view of the police organization, in which top-down steering and use of technology ultimately lead to a narrowing of police discretion and a more invisible high-policing style of police that may increase militarization of the police organization.

• Dahl, Johanne Yttri; Fyfe, Nicholas R.; Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen; Larsson, Paul; Skjevrak, Pernille & Runhovde, Siv Rebekka [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Old, New, Borrowed and Blue - Shifts In Modern Policing. British Journal of Criminology. ISSN 0007-0955. 62(4), p. 931–947. doi: 10.1093/bjc/azab085. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This article analyses ambiguity and complexity in proactive policing practices and identifies the paradox that despite the focus on increasing proactivity, police work remains strongly reactive. Drawing on a set of Norwegian case studies of policing in different domains, the article shows how under an overarching objective of ‘combating crime’, the distinctions between non-coercive (mainly proactive) forms of prevention or (mainly reactive) methods such as investigation or intelligence are seen as unimportant. This creates a demand for professionals working across different crime types, leading to a shift towards high policing in everyday life and tension between experts and generalists. Other, unintended consequences include a fragmentation of tasks and a more general and abstract way of policing. The result is pluralization and multiagency partnership strategies, where the police conduct high-policing tasks and external actors conduct low-policing tasks. These findings point to the emergence of new forms of hybrid of policing.

• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen (2021). Shaping Migrants as Threats: Multilayered Discretion, Criminalization, and Risk Assessment Tools. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy. ISSN 2202-7998. 10(3), p. 56–71. doi: 10.5204/IJCJSD.2041. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This article examines Operation Migrant, initiated by the Norwegian police following the so-called migration crises in Europe in 2015. One of its central aims was, by predicting challenges related to increased migration, to improve resource allocation and prevent crime. By drawing on research on risk and threat assessment as a form of power, this article aims to analyze how risk categories are distributed and translated into a multilayered institutional arrangement where migration is policed as a potential crime. The article examines the indicators that the risk assessments are based on, and the measures applied and investigates how discretionary practices make immigrants objects for law enforcement and policing. The article contributes to research on migration control in an ordinary police context, where immigration identity checks become part of the crime reduction strategy. Applying the concept of interpretive flexibility (Collins 1981), I will identify the steps in this chain of translation to explore theleap from targeting potentially criminal asylum seekers to targeting broader groups with temporary residency in Norway. The article analyzes the conditions determining how policing, technologies, and migrants are “co-constructed” in a chain of mediation and translation, which reinforces the view of migrants as risky and criminal. The final section discusses how risk and threat analysis is affected by the notion of the “crimmigrant other” (Franko 2020). In Norway, selectively targeting unwanted migrants as criminals has become dominant in police decision-making at a policy level and everyday practices affecting not only third country nationals but also unwanted eastern Europeans.

• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen (2020). Sorting Out Welfare: Crimmigration Practices and Abnormal Justice in Norway. In Koulish, Robert & Woude, Maartje Van der (Ed.), Crimmigrant Nations: Resurgent Nationalism and the Closing of Borders. Fordham University Press. ISSN 9780823287499. p. 249–278. doi: 10.2307/j.ctvxrpzhz.14. Full text in Research Archive
• Hammer, Danel; Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Sveaass, Nora (2020). Den gode fangen: politiets utlendingskontroll i lys av skjønnsutøvelse og legitimitet. Nordic Journal of Studies in Policing (NJSP). 7(3), p. 264–285. doi: 10.18261/issn.2703-7045-2020-03-06. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Migrasjonskontroll har i økende grad blitt del av hverdagen til norsk politi. Observasjoner og intervjuer med polititjenestepersoner i et politidistrikt viser at selv om oppdraget for utlendingskontrollen var gitt, åpnet likevel rammevilkårene for forhandling, og at informantene kunne følge sine egne motivasjoner. Et sentralt funn er at det tjenestepersoner omtaler som «den gode fangen» har konsekvenser for hvem som identifiseres som mistenkelige og velges ut for nærmere kontroll. Intervjuene viser at «magefølelsen» ble brukt aktivt i arbeidet med å identifisere «gode fanger», og tegn på kriminalitet. Magefølelsen og politiblikket var rettet mot atferd, bekledning og rekvisitter, kjønn, og etnisitet/hudfarge. Undersøkelsen viser at det å fange «gode fanger» med koblinger til kriminalitet hadde en viktig funksjon, fordi det tillot informantene å utøve jobben sin på en måte som i størst mulig grad ivaretok den positive politiidentiteten, innenfor rammene av oppdraget de var blitt gitt og målstyringens krav om høyt antall deporterte personer.

• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Jansen, Pia Therese (2020). Pre-crime and Policing of Migrants: Anticipatory Action Meets Management of Concerns. Theoretical criminology. ISSN 1362-4806. doi: 10.1177/1362480619873347. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In 2015 the Norwegian police initiated its first national intelligence project—Operation Migrant. One central aim was to predict crime challenges related to increased migration to improve future resource allocation. Based on qualitative interviews with those managing the operation, this article foregrounds the question of how attempts to reduce uncertainties and manage what is perceived as migration-related threats and risks, shape not only ideas of risk in policing of migration but also influence the importance of precautionary logic in regular policing. First, we analyse how knowledge production built on risk management and sharing of risk intelligence products are co-produced by intelligence staff and decision-makers. Thereafter, we discuss paradoxical outcomes of a calculated and precautionary logic applied to policing migrants. Concretely, the article focuses on how anticipatory knowledge practices seem to enlarge the space for probabilities, making it even more complex and contested to reduce and control uncertainty.

• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen; Talberg, Olav Niri & Wathne, Christin Thea (2019). Politiskjønnet under press. In Sunde, Inger Marie & Sunde, Nina (Ed.), Det digitale er et hurtigtog!: Vitenskapelige perspektiver på politiarbeid, digitalisering og teknologi. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 9788245032833. p. 83–115. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Staten skal sørge for den polititjeneste som samfunnet har behov for, står det i loven. Samfunnet er imidlertid i endring, og spørsmålet er hvilken polititjeneste det endrede samfunnet har behov for. Denne boken behandler politiets samfunnsoppdrag i lys av den raske, gjennomgående digitaliseringen av samfunnet. Oppfatningene om konsekvensene av digitaliseringen er forskjellige og det samme er synet på hvordan ulike interesser bør veies mot hverandre. Det er behov for en god offentlig samtale om politiets bruk av teknologi. Denne boken analyserer posisjonene til teknologioptimisten og -pessimisten, og viser hvor krevende det er å oppnå en balansert holdning til teknologi. Boken drøfter både kompetansebehov, skjønnsutøvelse og legitimitetshensyn når politiet utnytter elektroniske spor i etterforskning, løser operative oppdrag i førstelinjen, og vurderer bruk av kroppskamera i polititjenesten. Ytterligere reises utfordringer som følge av borgernes teknologibruk, særlige krenkelser av personvern gjennom fotografering og spredning av bilder, og seksuelle overgrep mot barn på internett. Det avsluttende fokuset er optimistisk og mulighetsorientert og viser hvilken omfattende ressurs dataene i politiets registre kan være for forskning. Det digitale er et hurtigtog! er skrevet av forskere tilknyttet forskergruppen Politiet i et digitalisert samfunn ved Politihøgskolen. Den er skrevet ut fra norske forhold og er rettet inn mot politiutdanningen, ansatte i politietaten og påtalemyndigheten, akademikere og studenter innen feltet.

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• Galis, Vasilis; Gundhus, Helene Oppen Ingebrigtsen & Vradis, Antonis (2025). Critical Perspectives on Predictive Policing – Anticipating Proof? Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN 9781035323036. 201 p. doi: 10.4337/9781035323036. Full text in Research Archive
• Larsson, Paul; Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Granér, Rolf (2025). Innføring i politivitenskap. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISBN 9788202837976. 440 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Kuldova, Tereza Østbø; Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Wathne, Christin Thea (2024). Policing and Intelligence in the Global Big Data Era, Volume II: New Global Perspectives on the Politics and Ethics of Knowledge. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9783031682971. 211 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Kuldova, Tereza Østbø; Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Wathne, Christin Thea (2024). Policing and Intelligence in the Global Big Data Era, Volume I: New Global Perspectives on Algorithmic Governance. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9783031683251. 254 p. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Policing and Intelligence in the Global Big Data Era, Volume I, the first of a two volume set, presents a rich and unique collection of global perspectives on data-driven predictive technologies and the expansion and use of surveillance apparatuses in policing and intelligence, both public and private. Centered around the notion of ‘algorithmic governance’, this volume explores various practices of abstract and intelligence-led policing within the context of surveillance and regulatory capitalism. Each chapter interrogates these concepts as much as realities on the ground as they play out across the globe – from Russia, USA, India, Brazil to Denmark, Germany and Norway. The volume offers a unique insight into the ways in which technologies and data-driven practices – from facial recognition, predictive algorithms, to generative AI – are reshaping cultures of policing both within and beyond police proper. Particular attention is paid to the simultaneous privatization and pluralization policing and intelligence and to the proliferation of new intelligence actors. Academics, students and readers interested in the fields of criminology, social anthropology, critical algorithm.

• Lomell, Heidi Mork & Gundhus, Helene Oppen Ingebrigtsen (2024). Kriminalitetsforebygging: Teorier og praksiser. Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 9788215034966. 246 p. Full text in Research Archive

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• Lomell, Heidi Mork & Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen (2026). Hva er kriminalitetsforebygging? doi: https:/nettsteder.regjeringen.no/politirolleutvalget/. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Lundgaard, Jenny Maria (2026). AI and police technology: Digital traces and AI in police tasks. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen; Larsson, Paul & Granér, Rolf (2025). Introduksjon. In Larsson, Paul; Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Granér, Rolf (Ed.), Innføring i politivitenskap. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202837976. p. 17–24. Full text in Research Archive
• Wathne, Christin Thea & Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen (2025). Etterretning + Blålys = sant. doi: https:/www.dn.no/innlegg/politi/politiet/kriminalitet/etterretning-blalys-sant/2-1-1896925. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Norsk politi står overfor krevende utfordringer. Kriminelle nettverk opererer på tvers av landegrenser og rekruttering av barn til kriminelle aktiviteter skjer digitalt. I DN kan vi lese at Grete Lien Metlid, leder for Felles enhet for etterretning og etterforskning, skal bli leder for enheten som koordinerer de operative styrkene i Oslo politidistrikt, og tar med seg analyse og etterforskning til blålys og sanntidsaksjoner. Det er klokt og nødvendig. Vår forskning på etterretning viser at mange etterretningsanalyser aldri når det operative ledd i politiet, og at etterretningen kan være for generell og vanskelig å bruke.

• Wathne, Christin Thea & Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen (2025). Hva skal politiet registrere om unge som ennå ikke har begått kriminalitet? [Internet]. Forsknning.no. doi: https:/www.forskning.no/digitalisering-ledelse-og-organisasjon-oslomet/hva-skal-politiet-registrere-om-unge-som-enna-ikke-har-begatt-kriminalitet/2454384. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Digitalisering i politiet gir kulturkrasj mellom utegående politi og ledere.

• Skjevrak, Pernille Erichsen; Lid, Stian & Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen (2025). Helgheim må feie for egen dør. doi: https:/www.politiforum.no/meninger/jon-helgheim-ma-feie-for-egen-dor/284090. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Debatten om straff virker for ungdom som begår kriminalitet eskalerte da Jon Helgheim, leder av justiskomiteen på Stortinget, kritiserte førsteamanuensis ved politihøgskolen Elisabeth Myhre Lie for å drive med fordekt aktivisme og røverhistorie, og krevde at Politihøgskolen måtte «rydde opp». Dette har blitt kritisert, og Helgheim avviser kritikken i Politiforum. Helgheim påstår videre at ved innføringen av ungdomsstraff og ungdomsoppfølging i 2014 fjernet vi i praksis straff for ungdom noe som førte til økende ungdomskriminalitet. Dette bruker han som grunnlag for å si at det er farlig å lytte til forskere. Vi problematiserer påstandene hans i denne kronikken, og peker på at politikere også må feie for egen dør.

• Lomell, Heidi Mork & Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen (2025). Kriminalitetsforebygging: Teorier og praksiser. Full text in Research Archive
• Lomell, Heidi Mork & Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen (2025). Kriminalitetsforebygging. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen; Skjevrak, Pernille Erichsen & Wathne, Christin Thea (2025). Politiets bruk av data - forhandlinger om digitale spor. Presentasjon av forskningsprosjektene CUPP og AGOPOL på fagdag for Politiets IT enhet. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Oppen Ingebrigtsen & Skjevrak, Pernille Erichsen (2025). Trygghetssamtalen- Etiske og praktiske avveininger ved offerorienterte tiltak belyst gjennom forskning. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Oppen Ingebrigtsen (2024). Forecasting youth crime – From personal archives to intelligence sharing. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Oppen Ingebrigtsen; Skjevrak, Pernille Erichsen & Wathne, Christin Thea (2024). Anticipating crime: datafication, standardization and visibility. Full text in Research Archive
• Skjevrak, Pernille & Gundhus, Helene Oppen Ingebrigtsen (2024). Forecasting youth crime – From personal archives to intelligence sharing. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Oppen Ingebrigtsen & Skjevrak, Pernille Erichsen (2024). Om involvering av forskning i fagutvikling - belyst gjennom et konkret eksempel hvor vi presenterer vår studie av en forebyggende seksjons bruk av etterretning for å iverksette tidlig intervensjon overfor unge i risiko. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen (2024). Politijuristers opplevelser av påtale- og etterforskningsarbeid i politiet. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen (2024). Comments on book Launch: Audit Culture: How Indicators and Rankings are Reshaping the World by Cris Shore, Central European University, and Susan Wright, Aarhus University. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Oppen Ingebrigtsen (2024). Politi. In Lomell, Heidi Mork & Skilbrei, May-Len (Ed.), Kriminologi. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215071992. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen (2024). Datafication and discretion - early intervention and forecasting youth crime. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aradau and Blanke (2017) argue that digital prediction methods are changing the police's preventive work to be more about short-term decision-making in near real time. The paper contributes empirical research on how datafication and data analysis change decision-making when the police use risk assessment tools to identify young people who are the 'best candidates' for crime prevention. To identify young people early in a potential criminal career, police prevention officers can request an intelligence report from the intelligence unit to map at-risk individuals who have not yet come to the attention of the police. Intelligence analysts use software to analyse and create a profile of these young people and their associates. Our findings show that the intelligence analyst's discretionary assessments of risk are more important for decision-making than direct application of the system's quantified risk score. We also discuss how the measures used in different periods of the project changed due to shifts in how the risk indicators were interpreted

• Kuldova, Tereza Østbø; Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Wathne, Christin Thea (2024). Edited volume teaser: Policing and Intelligence in the Big Data Era: Towards New Critical Perspectives on Algorithmic Governance (Volume I and Volume II). Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Smith, Peter Scharff (2024). Academic, activist and empirical scholar: the legacy of Thomas Mathiesen. Justice, Power and Resistance. ISSN 2398-2764. doi: 10.1332/26352338Y2024D000000023. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Wathne, Christin Thea (2023). Algoritmisk styring og politikulturer i endring: sammenlignende Perspektiver fra Norge, India, Brasil, Russland og Sør-Afrika. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Wathne, Christin Thea (2023). Etterretning i praksis. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Wathne, Christin Thea (2023). Recording, Visibility and Learning - Intelligence Concepts as a Tool for Organizational Learning. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen (2023). Data-driven policing: unboxing the contested social practice of predictive policing. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen; Wathne, Christin Thea & Hagen, Inger Marie (2023). Datafication of Knowledge and Performance Management in the security industry in Norway – a triple digital squeeze. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Wathne, Christin Thea (2023). Palantir in the Norwegian Police. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Wathne, Christin Thea (2023). Etterretning i lys av politiet som lærende organisasjon. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen (2023). Forecasting youth crime – From personal archives to intelligence sharing. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen; Wathne, Christin Thea & Skjevrak, Pernille Erichsen (2023). Anticipating crime: dataification, standardization and visibility. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Panel: Small data, big deal or big data, small deal? Zooming into the practices of digitalised policing. Panel organizers: Helene O. I. Gundhus, Vasilis Galis, and Anda Adamsone-Fiskovia

• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Wathne, Christin Thea (2023). Forvaltning av synlighet: Etterretning som vitenspraksis i politiorganisasjonen. Full text in Research Archive
• Lundgaard, Jenny Maria & Gundhus, Helene Oppen Ingebrigtsen (2023). Den digitale hviskeleken: Data, informasjon og kunnskap i etterretningsstyrt politiarbeid. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen (2023). Samarbeid og personorientert politiarbeid. Presentasjon på panelet Forskerblikk og praktikerblikk på politiets personorienterte arbeid overfor barn og unge. Deltakere Martine Gran (Oslo politidistrikt), Pernille Skjevrak (OsloMet), Liridona Gashi (UiO), Helene O. I. Gundhus (UiO). Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Oppen Ingebrigtsen & Wathne, Christin Thea (2023). Digitalisering, (yrkes)kulturer og ledelse i politiet. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen (2022). Politiets forebyggings- og digitaliseringsstrategier - hvilke føringer legger disse? Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen (2022). Algoritmisk styring og politikulturer i endring: sammenlignende Perspektiver fra Norge, India, Brasil, Russland og Sør-Afrika. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen (2022). Politiet styrt av algoritmebokser. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen; Wathne, Christin Thea & Kjekshus, Lars Erik (2022). To What Extent Is Digitalism a New Institutional Logic? - Evidence from Police and Healthcare Organizations. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen (2022). Palantir in Norwegian and Danish police. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Wathne, Christin Thea (2022). From Restraint to Data-driven Militarism? SociotechnicalImaginaries in the Norwegian Police. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Drawing on interviews with police officers, we will in this paper explore sociotechnical imaginaries in the Norwegian police (Chan 2021, Jasanoff 2015). How are multiple visions of desirable futures animated by the police? How is this embedded in social practices, the materiality of networks and instruments for co-production of a digital police service? Recent research shows that the move towards intelligence-led policing in Norway can result in a more militaristic culture of policing (Gundhus, Talberg and Wathne 2021). Considering the close links between digital information management and the intelligence doctrine as a new way of working (Politidirektoratet 2018), we take the Norwegian Police Intelligence Doctrine (PID) as a starting point for studying sociotechnical imaginaries of digital police practice. In Norway, the PID is framed as a new business model for the police where new data-driven methods and intelligence products will contribute to a more objective and scientific basis for decision-making (Politidirektoratet 2014). The Police Intelligence Doctrine positions data-driven intelligence as a key element of knowledge-based management and practice, central to the quality reform in the Norwegian police; as such, it represents a new ‘epistemic power’ in the police organization and the society (Archer et. al. 2020). The standardization of information retrieval also aligns with the leadership’s desire for tighter management of police personnel in the name of costefficiency, thus resulting in organizational change (Gundhus, Talberg, & Wathne 2021). Drawing on interviews and observations of the police, we will explore how commonly shared and multiple visions of these sociotechnical imaginaries are negotiated and navigated among mangers and on the ground-level.

• Ugelvik, Thomas & Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen (2022). 10 Helene O. I. Gundhus: Politiforskning, tverrfaglighet, nærpolitireformen. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen (2021). (Ethnic) diversity within the local police, discussant. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Wathne, Christin Thea (2021). Algoritmisk styring og politikulturer: sammenlignende perspektiver fra Norge, India, Brasil, Russland og Sør-Afrika. Full text in Research Archive
• Franko, Katja & Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen (2021). Frontex: Europas første uniformerte politistyrke. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Det Europeiske grensekontroll byrået Frontex har de siste årene hatt en markant vekst og utvidet rolle blant annet med etableringen av Den europeiske grense- og kystvakt (EBCG). De beskriver seg selv som «Europas første uniformerte politistyrke». I innlegget presenteres først Frontex sin utvikling, fulgt opp av diskusjon rundt organisasjonens politikultur, særlig hvordan den balanserer kriminalitetsbekjempelse, menneskerettigheter og redning av liv.

• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen; Nestova, Irena & Karlsson, Bjørn (2021). Data-driven policing: unboxing the contested social practice of predictive policing as a form of power. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  (CUPP: https://www.nordforsk.org/projects/critical-understanding-predictive-policing)

• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Skjevrak, Pernille (2021). Presentasjon av CUPP (Critical perspectives of predictive policing). Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Kunnskapsgrunnlag til FFI-RAPPORT 21/02532

• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen (2021). Forskning på risiko- og beskyttelsesfaktorer. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Nestova, Irena (2021). EU Proposal for Artificial Intelligence Regulation and the need for stricter approach to biometric surveillance. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen (2021). Police education – quo vadis. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen; Sollund, Ragnhild & Solhjell, Randi (2021). Minoritetsungdom og kvitteringsordning: Hvordan gjøre noe med politiets diskriminering og skjønnsutøvelse? Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Skjevrak, Pernille (2021). Personorientert kriminalitetsforebygging U18. Full text in Research Archive
• Larsson, Paul; Gundhus, Helene Oppen Ingebrigtsen; Dahl, Johanne Yttri; Vestby, Annette; Skjevrak, Pernille & Runhovde, Siv Rebekka (2021). Policing organized crime. On the dialectics of regulation and the concept of crime. Full text in Research Archive
• Wathne, Christin Thea; Ellefsen, Hjørdis Birgitte; Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen; Kuldova, Tereza Østbø; Sørli, Vanja Lundgren & Larsson, Paul (2021). Politiets kapasitets-undersøkelse av politioperativt område: Trylling med tall? Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen; Hammer, Danel & Solhjell, Randi (2020). Prate eller kontrollere? Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørkelo, Brita; Hoel, Linda Antoniett; Solhjell, Randi; Leirvik, Mariann Stærkebye; Singh, Manjeet & Thomassen, Gunnar [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Når politiets gode intensjoner oppleves som mistenkeliggjøring. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen (2020). Policing migration as threats. Risk assessments and abnormal justice in a welfare state. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen (2020). Shaping migrants as threats.Risk assessments and abnormal justice in a welfare state. Full text in Research Archive
• Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen (2020). Policing mobility: Deporting appropriate prisoners. Full text in Research Archive
• Ellefsen, Hjørdis Birgitte; Filstad, Cathrine; Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen; Jahnsen, Synnøve Økland & Wathne, Christin Thea (2020). En prinsippløs og selvmotsigende politipolitikk. Full text in Research Archive
• Wathne, Christin Thea; Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Talberg, Olav Niri (2019). Er politiet på full fart i feil retning? Full text in Research Archive
• Wathne, Christin Thea; Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen & Talberg, Niri (2019). Publikum får ikke kontakt med politiet. Full text in Research Archive
• Hagen, Inger Marie; Wathne, Christin Thea; Gundhus, Helene Oppen Ingebrigtsen & Haugland, Ingrid (2023). Sikkerhet og trygghet i vekterarbeid - Vekteres vilkår for oppgaveløsning. OsloMet - storbyuniversitetet. ISSN 9788276094596. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Dette prosjektet utforsker vekternes opplevelse av arbeidet sitt, med særlig fokus på arbeidsbetingelser, sikkerhet og trygghet. Prosjektet bygger på kvalitative og kvantitative data, og er finansiert av Norsk Arbeidsmandsforbund og av Norges forskningsråds prosjekt AGOPOL.

• Nøkleberg, Martin; Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen; Dyb, Evelyn & Lid, Stian (2022). Evaluering av SaLTo-samarbeidet. Forutsetninger for effektivt tverretatlig og tverrfaglig samarbeid. Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive
• Sunde, Nina; Gundhus, Helene Ingebrigtsen; Dahl, Johanne Yttri; Toolan, Fergus & Dror, Itiel E. (2022). Constructing digital evidence: A study on how cognitive and human factors affect digital evidence. Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We live in a globalized, digitized and interconnected society, where technology is woven into virtually every aspect of our social relationships and activities. Actions, movements, and communication leave digital traces, often without the actor's knowledge or effort. Such traces are also of great importance for solving crimes. It is therefore essential that digital traces are collected, examined, analysed, and presented in a way that safeguards their evidential value and minimizes erroneous and misleading results. Much research has been done on new methods, tools, processes, and frameworks for handling new technology or new ways of using technology. However, there are relatively few empirical studies of investigative practice among the police's experts in digital traces and evidence - the digital forensic (DF) practitioners. The thesis contributes to filling this knowledge gap with new insight into DF investigation practices, with the main emphasis on how the evidence is analysed and presented. A combination of research methods is used to answer the research question: How can a better understanding of the DF practitioners' role in constructing digital evidence within a criminal investigation enable mitigation of errors and safeguard a fair administration of justice? The thesis is made up of five articles exploring the research question from different perspectives. DF practitioners may be biased The thesis shows that DF practitioners can be influenced by information about the case without significance for the investigation, for example about what type of crime other investigators believe has happened or their assumptions about a suspect's role in the crime that is investigated. This is an important finding since such information easily flows to the DF investigator during the dissemination of assignments and collaboration during the investigation. The research shows that such information influenced how many traces the DF investigators uncovered, and that there is great variation in how they interpreted and concluded about the findings. Digital evidence is elastic Digital evidence is usually perceived as objective, value-neutral and reliable, and is therefore often assigned great value during the investigation and in the court of law. The thesis shows that DF practitioners affect the value of the digital traces through how they describe and present them in their reports. In some cases, this turns out as incorrect and misleading descriptions of the credibility of the traces or their relevance to the criminal case. This can, for example, be descriptions that point towards the suspect's guilt or innocence, or descriptions that present the evidence as more credible than what the investigation in fact provides as a basis for. The thesis’s findings are important for a better understanding of the uncertainties associated with digital traces and evidence, and for being able to develop effective quality assurance measures for DF investigations that can prevent errors of justice and safeguard the rule of law for those who are investigated by the police.

• Ulrich, Stein; Nøkleberg, Martin & Gundhus, Helene Oppen Ingebrigtsen (2020). Schengen evaluation: An educational experience the example of Norway. Politihøgskolen. ISSN 9788278081518. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  BACKGROUND Schengen evaluation is a mechanism for assessing the compliance with Schengen rules and regulations by all participating countries. This report provides a brief introduction to the origin and framework of Schengen evaluation. Since the first mechanism was set up in 1998 all Schengen countries have been evaluated more than once. FOCUS ON LEARNING EFFECTS The study looks at Schengen evaluation as an educational experience. The aim was to analyse if evaluation has improved the quality of service, raised the level of professionalism and improved educational activities in the police or border guard service of a Schengen state. NORWAY AS AN EXAMPLE The study uses Norway as an empirical example and describes all four evaluations carried out (2000-2001, 2005, 2011-2012 and 2017). The results are analysed and given comments. METHODS The findings are based on documentation, interviews and a survey among police officers. MAIN FINDINGS The study argues that Schengen evaluation has had a very positive effect on how the police in Norway carry out Schengen external border control, conduct police cooperation within the framework of Schengen and use Schengen-related information systems and other technology in border management. It also emphasises the importance of Schengen evaluation for the development of Integrated Border Management (IBM) in Norway.

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