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Martine S.B. Lie

Doctoral Research Fellow

Email m.s.b.lie@jus.uio.no

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Visiting address Kristian Augusts gate 17 Domus Juridica 8.etg 0164 OSLO

Postal address Postboks 6706 St. Olavs plass 0130 OSLO

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Academic interests

Green criminology
Critical criminology
Animal law
Crimes against animals
Agricultural policy and animal welfare
Predator management
Courts
Legal mobilization and strategic litigation
Qualitative methods

Martine S.B. Lie’s PhD project investigates how Norway's management of large predators adapts to the Bern Convention (The Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats), and how it influences the animals.

A central question concerns the courts as an arena for the predator conflict, since the Government’s hunting permissions are frequently tried before the courts by environmental and animal protection NGOs. The data material consists of observation of such court cases and interviews with the judges and NGOs, as well as analysis of the verdicts, and also verdicts from penal cases on illegal large predator hunts.

The project is part of Criminal justice, wildlife conservation and animal rights in the Anthropocene (CRIMEANTHROP), funded by The Research Council of Norway.

Courses taught

Lie has previously taught in:

KRIM2101 Fordypningsoppgave i kriminologi
KRIM2000 Sentrale teoretiske perspektiver
KRIM4960 – Green Criminology
KRIM2960 – Green Criminology
KRIM1300 Sosial kontroll

Background

Lie holds a master's degree in Criminology from the University of Oslo. Her master project was a study of Norwegian dog legislation, specifically the breed ban on “dangerous dogs”, and the police’s enforcement of this. After graduating, Lie taught seminar groups for bachelor students in criminology, and organised a research seminar at the Department of Criminology and Sociology of Law on animal police units in Nordic countries. She also worked as a political adviser in The Norwegian Animal Protection Alliance (Dyrevernalliansen) for several years. Lie therefore has broad experience with animal protection issues and green criminology.

Appointments

2023, founder, Norwegian Forum for Animal Law
2023, Advisory board, European-Ukrainian Refugee Pets: Evolving Trends (EURPET)
2023, Editorial Board, International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy
2021, leader, PhD Council of the Faculty of Law
2021, representative for temporary scientific employees, the Faculty Board
2020, representative for PhD students, Programme Committee for Research Training (PFF)
2020, member, the PhD Council of the Faculty of Law
2014–2015, leader, The committee for master students at the Department of Criminology and Sociology of Law

Lie has refereed for the International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, ACME: An International Journal for Critical Geographies and Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskap (NTfK).

Tags: Animal welfare, Animal rights, Green criminology, Power, The courts and the criminal justice system, Criminology, Sociology of Law

Lie, Martine S.B. (2024). Large Predator Poaching as Situational Action Fueled by Legal Hunts. Deviant Behavior. ISSN 0163-9625. 45(11), p. 1568–1583. doi: 10.1080/01639625.2024.2312441. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Poaching of large predators is a big threat to their survival in Norway. These illegal killings take many forms, some meticulously planned, others spontaneous, such as in situations mistakenly experienced as potential predator attacks. While the first type of offense has been studied from various perspectives, the second type is discussed here. I analyze court verdicts from unplanned, spontaneous attempted and completed illegal wolf and bear killings in Norway through the lens of Wikström’s “Situational Action Theory,” exploring why offenders convicted by the court shot the predators. Hoeben and Thomas’ and McGloin and Thomas’ notion of “situational peer influence” seems to be an important factor and is included in the analysis. The findings imply that legal hunts increase the risk of spontaneous poaching of large predators – a type of killing often overlooked in discussions of the preventative or criminogenic influence of legal hunting on illegal hunting.
Lie, Martine S.B. (2024). Legal Versus Illegal Hunts: A Species Justice Perspective on Wolf and Bear Theriocides in Norway. In Sollund, Ragnhild & Lie, Martine S.B. (Ed.), Criminal Justice, Wildlife Conservation and Animal Rights in the Anthropocene. Bristol University Press. ISSN 9781529223354. p. 17–36. doi: 10.56687/9781529223385-004. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
This book addresses one of today’s most urgent issues: the loss of wildlife and habitat, which together constitute an ecological crisis. Combining studies from different disciplines such as law, political science and criminology with a focus on animal rights, the chapters explore the successes and failures of the international wildlife conservation and trade treaties, CITES and the BERN Convention. While these conventions have played a crucial role in protecting endangered species from trade and in the rewilding of European large carnivores, the case studies in this book demonstrate huge variations in their implementation and enforcement across Europe. In conclusion, the book advocates for a non-anthropocentric policy approach to strengthen wildlife conservation in Europe.
Sollund, Ragnhild & Lie, Martine S.B. (2024). Hunting and the myth of wildlife protection. Transforming Society. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild & Lie, Martine S.B. (2024). Conclusion. In Sollund, Ragnhild & Lie, Martine S.B. (Ed.), Criminal Justice, Wildlife Conservation and Animal Rights in the Anthropocene. Bristol University Press. ISSN 9781529223354. p. 205–215. doi: 10.56687/9781529223385-014. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
This book addresses one of today’s most urgent issues: the loss of wildlife and habitat, which together constitute an ecological crisis. Combining studies from different disciplines such as law, political science and criminology with a focus on animal rights, the chapters explore the successes and failures of the international wildlife conservation and trade treaties, CITES and the BERN Convention. While these conventions have played a crucial role in protecting endangered species from trade and in the rewilding of European large carnivores, the case studies in this book demonstrate huge variations in their implementation and enforcement across Europe. In conclusion, the book advocates for a non-anthropocentric policy approach to strengthen wildlife conservation in Europe.
Sollund, Ragnhild & Lie, Martine S.B. (2024). Introduction. In Sollund, Ragnhild & Lie, Martine S.B. (Ed.), Criminal Justice, Wildlife Conservation and Animal Rights in the Anthropocene. Bristol University Press. ISSN 9781529223354. p. 1–17. doi: 10.56687/9781529223385-003. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
This book addresses one of today’s most urgent issues: the loss of wildlife and habitat, which together constitute an ecological crisis. Combining studies from different disciplines such as law, political science and criminology with a focus on animal rights, the chapters explore the successes and failures of the international wildlife conservation and trade treaties, CITES and the BERN Convention. While these conventions have played a crucial role in protecting endangered species from trade and in the rewilding of European large carnivores, the case studies in this book demonstrate huge variations in their implementation and enforcement across Europe. In conclusion, the book advocates for a non-anthropocentric policy approach to strengthen wildlife conservation in Europe.
Lie, Martine S. B. (2021). “Humane Theriocides”: Traces of Compassion for Animals in the Norwegian Legal Discourse on Illegal Bear and Wolf Killings. Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental. 12(1). doi: 10.17345/rcda3085. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Wolves and brown bears are critically endangered in Norway. Their population is approximately 110 and 150 individuals, respectively, and is kept at these low numbers through licensed hunts. These animals are also vulnerable to illegal theriocides (killings of animals by humans), which poses a considerable threat to the species’ survival. The theriocides also harm individual animal victims and impinge on their intrinsic value. This article assesses whether a consideration of harm to the individual animals is part of the Norwegian courts’ problem definition and discourse order concerning such illegal hunts by developing and conducting a “critical green victimological discourse analysis” of verdicts. Moreover, the courts’ portrayals of the victims are assessed—by asking the question: do they acknowledge them as such, or continue the speciesist ideology of the Anthropocene, seeing animals mainly as commodities and components of nature?
Lie, Martine Synnøve Bergersen (2017). «Stepdogs» of Society: The Impact of Breed Bans in Norway. Critical Criminology. ISSN 1205-8629. 25(2), p. 293–309. doi: 10.1007/s10612-017-9364-9. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Drawing on qualitative interviews with dog owners and police officers, this article discusses the ban against "dangerous dogs" in Norway. The Norwegian breed ban in The Dog Regulation (hundeforskriften) is shown to have considerable negative influence on affected dogs’ lives, even if their owners do their best to compensate for this. Labeling, stigmatization and risk of confiscation by the police has restricted aspects of the dogs’ lives, such as by complicating their opportunities to be with fellow species. The impact of breed-specific legislation on dogs is analyzed from a critical, anti-speciesist perspective, which sees modern Western societies and their judicial systems as characterized by an inherent discriminatory culture and order. This oppression entails both differential treatment of disadvantaged humans’ and humans’ repressive and differentiating attitudes and actions towards other animals.

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Sollund, Ragnhild & Lie, Martine S.B. (2024). Criminal Justice, Wildlife Conservation and Animal Rights in the Anthropocene. Bristol University Press. ISBN 9781529223354. 232 p. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
This book addresses one of today’s most urgent issues: the loss of wildlife and habitat, which together constitute an ecological crisis. Combining studies from different disciplines such as law, political science and criminology with a focus on animal rights, the chapters explore the successes and failures of the international wildlife conservation and trade treaties, CITES and the BERN Convention. While these conventions have played a crucial role in protecting endangered species from trade and in the rewilding of European large carnivores, the case studies in this book demonstrate huge variations in their implementation and enforcement across Europe. In conclusion, the book advocates for a non-anthropocentric policy approach to strengthen wildlife conservation in Europe.

View all works in NVA

Amanquandor, Thomas Duke Labik; Lie, Martine S.B. & Barker, Vanessa (2024). Critical perspectives on legal mobilization. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Legal mobilization is generally understood as the mobilization of law—as a resource—by civic actors to pursue equality and justice. Paradoxically, the law’s mobilization can result in the deterioration of equality and justice. In certain instances, this negative outcome is unintended, undesired, unplanned, and unfortunate. In others, the law is mobilized with the intention to suppress critical voices, or prevent justice or equality. Consequently, recent studies argue that the use of law by civic actors to advance social change should be distinguished from the use of law by states and other powerful actors “to subvert the rule of law or to suppress critical voices”, construing the former as legal mobilization and the latter as lawfare. This panel draws on varying underexplored empirical developments from Norway (litigation in the name of “eco justice” to stop licensed wolf hunts in Norway), Ghana (the criminalisation of LGBTQI rights and identities) and Sweden (far rights movements and anti-immigrant legal campaigns), to offer a critical perspective on legal mobilization and discusses the theoretical and methodological implications of separating it from “lawfare”.
Sollund, Ragnhild; Lie, Martine S.B.; Nurse, Angus & Maher, Jennifer (2024). Criminal Justice, Wildlife Conservation and Animal Rights in the Anthropocene, 2024, Sollund and Lie (eds.). Full text in Research Archive Show summary
This book published on Bristol University Press addresses one of today’s most urgent issues: the loss of wildlife and habitat, which together constitute an ecological crisis. Combining studies from different disciplines such as law, political science and criminology with a focus on animal rights, the chapters explore the successes and failures of the international wildlife conservation and trade treaties, CITES and the BERN Convention. While these conventions have played a crucial role in protecting endangered species from trade and in the rewilding of European large carnivores, the case studies in this book demonstrate huge variations in their implementation and enforcement across Europe. In conclusion, the book advocates for a non-anthropocentric policy approach to strengthen wildlife conservation in Europe. Critics: Jennifer Ann Maher, University of South Wales Angus Nurse, Anglia Ruskin University Book Editors: Martine S.B. Lie, University of Oslo; Dept. of Criminology and Sociology of Law Ragnhild Sollund, University of Oslo
Lie, Martine S.B. (2024). Kursleder. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S.B. (2024). The “desperate hope”: Strategic litigation to save Norwegian wolves. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Norwegian wolves are hunted regularly with the Government’s blessing, even though the wolves are critically endangered and protected by international law. The hunts are meant to reduce a heated “wolf conflict” in Norway, by protecting hunters’, farmers’ and forest owners’ interests. Legal scholars have found the practice to be unlawful (Trouwborst, Fleurke, and Linnell 2017), and animal and environmental protection NGOs have contested several hunting decisions in court with varying results. I explore the NGOs’ motivation and expectations for the “wolf litigation” and whether they achieved what they were hoping for, through in-depth interviews with the plaintiffs and analysis of the verdicts and their political aftermath. Was the “wolf litigation” a worthwhile strategy? What are the prospects of strategic litigation to promote animal and nature protection in the Anthropocene?
Lie, Martine Synnøve Bergersen; Harstad, Johanne Løvli & Sæteren, Annichen Kongsvik (2024). Når kan og bør retten mobiliseres? Praktisk casediskusjon. Full text in Research Archive
Sæteren, Annichen Kongsvik & Lie, Martine S.B. (2024). Introduksjon av Forum for dyrevernrett - og litt om sammenhengen mellom dyrevernretten og resten av miljøretten. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S.B. (2023). Møteledelse. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S.B. (2023). Er lovlig jakt mer «artsrettferdig» enn illegal jakt? En analyse av ulve- og bjørnejakt i Norge. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Ulv og brunbjørn er henholdsvis kritisk truet og truet i Norge, og vernet gjennom Bernkonvensjonen (the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats). Selv om Norge ratifiserte konvensjonen i 1979 blir ulv og bjørn stadig tatt av dage i Norge, blant annet under lisensjakt, illegal jakt og i nødverge, for å hindre dyrene i å angripe mennesker eller andre dyr. Jeg presenterer en komparativ analyse av norske domsavsigelser om ulovlig bjørne- og ulvejakt, og reguleringer og veiledninger for lovlig jakt. Analysen avdekker flere likheter mellom den lovlige og ulovlige jakten. Dette reiser spørsmål om hvorvidt den lovlige jakten kan rettferdiggjøres som mer «artsrettferdig» enn den ulovlige jakten, om man anlegger et bredt dyrevelferdsperspektiv—altså, fører lovlig jakt til mindre lidelse for ofrene enn illegal jakt? Jeg vil også evaluere om lidelsen for dyrene er del av domstolenes diskursorden angående illegal jakt. Anerkjenner domstolene dem som ofre i dommene, eller viderefører dommerne den spesiesistiske ideologien i Antropocen, hvor dyr hovedsakelig regnes som varer eller bestanddeler av naturen, og ikke individer?
Nyvoll, Pernille & Lie, Martine S.B. (2023). Villrev i fangenskap - om revepopulasjonen på Bastøya. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S.B. (2023). Legal mobilization on behalf of Norwegian wolves. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S.B. (2023). Studentperspektiv på dyrevernretten (panelsamtale). Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S.B. (2023). Avsluttende kommentarer og veien videre. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S.B. (2023). Velkommen. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S.B. (2023). Uplanlagt illegal rovdyrjakt som «situasjonell handling». Full text in Research Archive Show summary
» Illegal jakt er en betydelig trussel mot ulv og bjørns overlevelse i Norge. Det er forsket mye på «tjuvjakt», mens spontane illegale rovdyrdrap har fått mindre oppmerksomhet. I denne presentasjonen undersøker jeg hvorfor slike rovdyrdrap skjer, basert på en analyse av dommer fra norske domstoler. Analysen tar utgangspunkt i «Situasjonell handlingsteori», og viser hvordan lovlig rovdyrjakt kan bidra til ulovlige rovdyrdrap. De domfelte ser også ut til å ha blitt påvirket av bekjente i handlingsøyeblikket.
Nyvoll, Pernille & Lie, Martine S.B. (2023). Villrev i fangenskap - om revepopulasjonen på Bastøya. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Bastøya i Oslofjorden huser både en villrevbestand og «verdens snilleste fengsel». Det har utviklet seg et unikt samspill mellom de innsatte og revene, og revene trekkes fram som en trivselsfaktor for de innsatte. Vi presenterer de positive sidene ved revebestanden på fengselsøya basert på data fra et større etnografisk forskningsprosjekt om helse i fengsel. Situasjonen og fengselets håndtering av den har imidlertid også problematiske sider, som vi belyser med perspektiver fra grønn kriminologi.
Lie, Martine S.B. (2023). På skuldrene til etablerte dyrevernrettforfattere (panelsamtale). Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S.B. (2023). Ordstyrer. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S.B. (2023). Learning Exchanges: Conversation with PhD students on how to rethink student-led learning on democracy and law (Roundtable). Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Bergen Exchanges is an integrated part of the annual PhD course on “Effects of Lawfare: courts and law as battlegrounds for social change”. A central aim of the course - and OF the #BeEx - is to develop a learning environment that is horizontal, interdisciplinary, and collegial, and that stimulates intellectual creativity and growth. Every year we seek to make improvements based on what we learn from the students and the #BeEx participants. In this roundtable, current and past students from the PhD-course will discuss their experiences of the course, how it can be improved - and more broadly how we can advance student-led learning and teaching on democracy and law. How can students be enabled to learn – and teach – in ways that stimulate engaged, critical thinking, and provides useful resources for defending, reassessing, and enhancing democratic values? And that combines insights into liberal democracy with critical openness to other epistemologies and traditions of democratic thought? At a time when democracy, human rights, and liberal values such as academic freedom, are under increasing pressure – also in what has long been considered as consolidated democracies – these are urgent issues and require universities across the globe to rethink learning and teaching of democracy and law.
Lie, Martine S.B. (2023). Large predator management versus the intrinsic value of animals: Norwegian predator policies on trial. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
In her PhD project "Large predator management versus the intrinsic value of animals," Martine S.B. Lie investigates Norwegian large predator management. The large predators are all endangered, and Norway is committed through the Bern Convention to protect them. Nevertheless, the government issues annual licensed and quota hunts. A central question in the project concerns the courts as an arena for the predator conflict, since environmental NGO’s employ strategic litigation to stop wolf hunts. Is this a promising strategy? Martine will present her preliminary findings and reflections, based on observation in court, analysis of verdicts and interviews with the litigative NGOs.
Lie, Martine S. B. (2022). Project update. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S.B. (2022). «Pet exceptionalism» from a green criminological perspective. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S. B. (2021). Presentation of research from Norway: “Humane Theriocides”: Traces of Compassion for Animals in the Norwegian Legal Discourse on Illegal Bear and Wolf Killings. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild & Lie, Martine S.B. (2021). Boklansering: Bare et dyr? Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S. B. (2020). A Critical Green Criminological Assessment of the Norwegian Breed Ban on "Dangerous Dogs". Full text in Research Archive
Groseth, Julie; Cissé, Mariam & Lie, Martine S. B. (2020). Kommentarfeltet koker etter sak om dyremishandling. [Internet]. NRK. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S. B. (2020). An assessment of NGOs’ use of “lawfare” as a strategy to ensure compliance with the Bern Convention and protection of endangered large predators in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine Synnøve Bergersen (2019). Large predator management versus the intrinsic value of animals. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S. B. (2019). Verdens beste dyrevelferd? [Journal]. Dagsavisen. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S. B. (2019). Mattilsynet må først og fremst styrkes! [Journal]. Nationen. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S. B. (2019). Redusert kjøttproduksjon og -forbruk er sentralt for bedre dyrevelferd. [Journal]. Nationen. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S. B. (2019). Avvikling av pelsdyrnæringen er en vinnersak. [Journal]. Morgenbladet. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S. B. & Hanna, Lunde (2018). Dyrepoliti med uomtvistelig potensial. [Journal]. Dagsavisen. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S. B. (2018). Bort med statlig kjøttreklame! [Journal]. Klassekampen. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild & Lie, Martine Synnøve Bergersen (2017). Speciesism and theriocide, The Routledge Companion to Criminological Theory and Concepts. Routledge. ISSN 9781138819009. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S. B. (2017). Tåkeprat om Matprat. [Journal]. Nationen. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S. B. (2017). «Hele grunnlaget til Matprat er utdatert». [Journal]. Nationen. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S. B. (2017). Intervju på NRK Østlandssendingen om dumping av kjæledyr og dyrepoliti. [TV]. NRK. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine Synnøve Bergersen (2017). Dyr i Loven. Individer eller objekter? Samtiden. ISSN 0036-3928. 125(2), p. 22–26. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S. B. (2017). Et dyr er ikke en ting. [Journal]. Klassekampen. Full text in Research Archive

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Published Oct. 29, 2019 1:23 PM - Last modified Oct. 13, 2026 4:33 PM

Martine S.B. Lie

Academic interests

Courses taught

Background

Appointments

Publications

Projects

Research groups

Martine S.B. Lie

Academic interests

Courses taught

Background

Appointments

Publications

Projects

Completed projects

Research groups

Thematic group