Catherine Banet

• van der Spek, Mijndert; Banet, Catherine; Bauer, Christian; Gabrielli, Paolo; Goldthorpe, Ward & Mazzotti, Marco [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2022). Perspective on the hydrogen economy as a pathway to reach net-zero CO<inf>2</inf> emissions in Europe. Energy & Environmental Science. ISSN 1754-5692. 15(3), p. 1034–1077. doi: 10.1039/D1EE02118D. Show summary

  The envisioned role of hydrogen in the energy transition – or the concept of hydrogen economy – has varied through the years. While in the past hydrogen was mainly considered a clean fuel for cars and/or for electricity production, the current renewed interest stems from the versatility of hydrogen and the multiple roles that it can take in the transition to CO2 neutrality, where the common denominator is the capability of tackling emissions from distributed applications and complex industrial processes. However, the hydrogen economy will not materialise without strong political support and robust infrastructure design. This is because hydrogen deployment needs to tackle multiple barriers at once, including technology development for hydrogen production and conversion, infrastructure co-creation, policy and market design and business model development. In light of these challenges, we have brought together a group of hydrogen researchers that span the multiple disciplines involved to give a perspective on the status of the hydrogen economy, and on what is needed to deploy the hydrogen economy as part of the drive towards net-zero-CO2 societies. We do this by analysing (i) hydrogen end-use technologies and applications, (ii) hydrogen production methods, (iii) hydrogen transport and storage networks, (iv) legal and regulatory aspects, and (v) business models. For each of these, we provide key take home messages ranging from the current status to the outlook and needs for further research. Overall, we provide the reader with a thorough understanding of the elements in the hydrogen economy, state of play and gaps to be filled.

• Banet, Catherine & O'Brien, Alice (2021). De-risking the hydrogen-ccs value chain through law. European Energy and Environmental Law Review. ISSN 1879-3886. 30(2), p. 24–41.
• Banet, Catherine (2021). The treatment of intellectual property rights in open innovation models: new business models for the energy transition. In Rognstad, Ole-Andreas & Ørstavik, Inger Berg (Ed.), Intellectual Property and Sustainable Markets. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 978 1 78990 134 4. p. 206–232.
• Munkejord, Svend Tollak; Mazzotti, Marco; van der Spek, Mijndert; Banet, Catherine; Shah, Nilay & Sunny, Nixon [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2021). Elegancy - enabling a low-carbon economy via hydrogen and CCS. In Røkke, Nils Anders & Knuutila, Hanna K (Ed.), TCCS–11. CO2 Capture, Transport and Storage. Trondheim 22nd–23rd June 2021. Short Papers from the 11th International Trondheim CCS Conference. SINTEF akademisk forlag. ISSN 978-82-536-1714-5. p. 135–142. Full text in Research Archive
• Banet, Catherine & Brunt, Astrid Skjønborg (2021). Regulating high voltage power lines : electromagnetic fields and safety. In Roggenkamp, Martha; Graaf, Kars J. de & Fleming, Ruven (Ed.), Energy law, climate change and the environment. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 978-1-78811-967-2. p. 621–632.
• Banet, Catherine (2021). Regulering av karbonfangst, transport og lagring i norsk rett. In Bugge, Hans Christian (Eds.), Klimarett - internasjonal, europeisk og norsk klimarett mot 2030. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215043425. p. 520–556. Full text in Research Archive
• Banet, Catherine (2021). Local Content and Sustainable Development in Norway. In Olawuyi, Damilola (Eds.), Local Content and Sustainable Development in Global Energy Markets.. Cambridge University Press. ISSN 978-1-108-49537-0. p. 245–263. Full text in Research Archive
• Boasson, Elin Lerum; Banet, Catherine & Wettestad, Jørgen (2021). France: from renewables laggard to technology-specific devotee. In Boasson, Elin Lerum; Leiren, Merethe Dotterud & Wettestad, Jørgen (Ed.), Comparative Renewables Policy: Political, Organizational and European Fields. Routledge. ISSN 9780367187668. p. 149–170.
• Banet, Catherine; Wawryk, Alexandra & Pereira, Eduardo (2020). Regional Seas Conventions and Decommissioning. The Regulation of Decommissioning, Abandonment and Reuse Initiatives in the Oil and Gas Industry: From Obligation to Opportunities.. Wolters Kluwer. ISSN 9789403506937. p. 47–74. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The Regulation of Decommissioning, Abandonment and Reuse Initiatives in the Oil and Gas Industry is an expansive book which divulges a comprehensive description and critique of the key issues that must be addressed by nations, and of the current international, regional, and national law and policy in this field. With thousands of offshore oil and gas platforms in place across the globe, the decommissioning of these ageing installations is becoming of increasing concern to regulators, industry and other stakeholders in the marine environment. This book elucidates current initiatives aimed at maximising reuse and repurposing opportunities, such as wind power, hydrogen, carbon capture, and storage by analysing the relevant law and practices of selected oil- and gas-producing nations. Capitalising on the good decommissioning practices adopted by such distinguished jurisdictions as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Norway, the book delves deep into such key complex and topical issues as the following: decommissioning provisions in operating agreements; agreements on decommissioning security; dispute risks; the challenge of residual liability; tax treatment of decommissioning; environmental, health, and safety; and creating reuse incentives and enabling energy system integration.

• Banet, Catherine (2020). Norway, The Regulation of Decommissioning, Abandonment and Reuse Initiatives in the Oil and Gas Industry: From Obligation to Opportunities.. Wolters Kluwer. ISSN 9789403506937. p. 541–557. Show summary

  The Regulation of Decommissioning, Abandonment and Reuse Initiatives in the Oil and Gas Industry is an expansive book which divulges a comprehensive description and critique of the key issues that must be addressed by nations, and of the current international, regional, and national law and policy in this field. With thousands of offshore oil and gas platforms in place across the globe, the decommissioning of these ageing installations is becoming of increasing concern to regulators, industry and other stakeholders in the marine environment. This book elucidates current initiatives aimed at maximising reuse and repurposing opportunities, such as wind power, hydrogen, carbon capture, and storage by analysing the relevant law and practices of selected oil- and gas-producing nations. Capitalising on the good decommissioning practices adopted by such distinguished jurisdictions as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Norway, the book delves deep into such key complex and topical issues as the following: decommissioning provisions in operating agreements; agreements on decommissioning security; dispute risks; the challenge of residual liability; tax treatment of decommissioning; environmental, health, and safety; and creating reuse incentives and enabling energy system integration.

• Banet, Catherine (2020). Regulating the Reuse and Repurposing of Oil and Gas Installations in the Context of Decommissioning: Creating Incentives and Enabling Energy System Integration. The Regulation of Decommissioning, Abandonment and Reuse Initiatives in the Oil and Gas Industry: From Obligation to Opportunities.. Wolters Kluwer. ISSN 9789403506937. p. 205–227. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The Regulation of Decommissioning, Abandonment and Reuse Initiatives in the Oil and Gas Industry is an expansive book which divulges a comprehensive description and critique of the key issues that must be addressed by nations, and of the current international, regional, and national law and policy in this field. With thousands of offshore oil and gas platforms in place across the globe, the decommissioning of these ageing installations is becoming of increasing concern to regulators, industry and other stakeholders in the marine environment. This book elucidates current initiatives aimed at maximising reuse and repurposing opportunities, such as wind power, hydrogen, carbon capture, and storage by analysing the relevant law and practices of selected oil- and gas-producing nations. Capitalising on the good decommissioning practices adopted by such distinguished jurisdictions as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Norway, the book delves deep into such key complex and topical issues as the following: decommissioning provisions in operating agreements; agreements on decommissioning security; dispute risks; the challenge of residual liability; tax treatment of decommissioning; environmental, health, and safety; and creating reuse incentives and enabling energy system integration.

• Banet, Catherine (2020). Electricity Network Tariffs Regulation and Distributive Energy Justice: Balancing the Need for New Investments and a Fair Energy Transition. In Del Guayo, Íñigo; Godden, Lee; Zillman, Donald D; Montoya, Milton Fernando & González, José Juan (Ed.), Energy Justice and Energy Law. Oxford University Press. ISSN 9780198860754. p. 83–102. doi: 10.1093/oso/9780198860754.003.0006. Full text in Research Archive
• Banet, Catherine (2020). Legal Status and Legal Effects of the Commission’s State Aid Guidelines: The Case of the Guidelines on State Aid for Environmental Protection and Energy (EEAG) (2014-2020). European State Aid Law Quarterly. ISSN 1619-5272. 19(2), p. 172–184. doi: 10.21552/estal/2020/2/9. Show summary

  Looking at the practical case of the Guidelines on State aid for environmental protection and energy (EEAG) (2014-2020) and implementation of them, this article intends to re-open the debate on the legal status of soft law instruments in EU State aid policy. It analyses the recent case law of the court of Justice of the European Union and the manner the latter distinguishes between the legal force and the legal effects of the State aid guidelines, not only on the Commission, but also on third parties like Member States. The article puts in perspective the careful approach of the Court in not recognising the possible indirect effects of the guidelines on Member States or individuals with the procedural and structural changes in the adoption of the guidelines. With the implementation of the State Aid Modernisation, a circular process in three steps has been established between the adoption of the General Block Exemption Regulation (GBER), the new State aid guidelines and the proposals for new secondary legislation. In this process, the guidelines assume the function of a bridge, building on the binding principles enshrined in the GBER and preparing the revision of sectoral EU directives and regulations. With the upcoming revision of the GBER and the EEAG which is now scheduled for adoption in 2021, the same dynamic will most probably apply. The revision of the GBER and the EEAG will need to reflect the content of the newly adopted Clean Energy Package for All Europeans, but will also play a crucial role in preparing the grounds for amending relevant secondary legislation in line with the Commission’s European Green Deal Strategy.

• Banet, Catherine (2020). The Law of the Seabed. In Banet, Catherine (Eds.), The Law of the Seabed: Access, Uses, and Protection of Seabed Resources.. Brill|Nijhoff. ISSN 978-90-04-39156-7. p. 1–18. doi: https%3A/doi.org/10.1163/9789004391567_002. Show summary

  The Law of the Seabed reviews the most pressing legal questions raised by the use and protection of natural resources on and underneath the world’s seabeds. While barely accessible, the seabed plays a major role in the Earth’s ecological balance. It is both a medium and a resource, and is central to the blue economy. New uses and new knowledge about seabed ecosystems, and the risks of disputes due to competing interests, urge reflection on which regulatory approaches to pursue. The regulation of ocean activities is essentially sector-based, and the book puts in parallel the international and national regimes for seabed mining, oil and gas, energy generation, bottom fisheries, marine genetic resources, carbon sequestration and maritime security operations, both within and beyond the national jurisdiction. The book contains seven parts respectively addressing the definition of the seabed from a multidisciplinary perspective, the principles of jurisdiction delimitation under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the regimes for use of non-living, living and marine biodiversity resources, the role of state and non-state actors, the laying and removal of installations, the principles for sustainable and equitable use (common heritage of mankind, precaution, benefit sharing), and management tools to ensure coexistence between activities as well as the protection of the marine environment.

• Smith, Don; Banet, Catherine & Martinez Romera, Beatriz (2019). Teaching the law of energy transition in the era of internationalisation and digitalisation of legal university education: the Transatlantic University Collaboration in Climate Change and Energy Law (TUCCCEL) programme. Journal of Energy and Natural Resources Law. ISSN 0264-6811. 37(4), p. 443–464. doi: 10.1080/02646811.2019.1663048. Show summary

  Building on existing literature on university legal education for energy and climate change law, this article presents a novel course on the law of energy transition, financed by the European Union. The article delves into the emergence of the idea for the project, the development of the proposal for the course to the European Commission, and the first offering of the course ‘EU-US Comparative Climate Change and Energy Transition Law', which ran from February to April 2019. The article is framed around the emerging trends towards internationalisation and digitalisation of legal education, which are essential features of the TUCCCEL programme.

• Bjørnebye, Henrik & Banet, Catherine (2019). Licensing regime: Norway. In Pereira, Eduardo Guedes & Bjørnebye, Henrik (Ed.), Regulating offshore petroleum Resources. The British and Norwegian model. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 9781785368905. p. 96–126. doi: 10.4337/9781785368912.00010.
• Leiren, Merethe Dotterud; Szulecki, Kacper; Rayner, Tim & Banet, Catherine (2019). Energy security concerns versus market harmony: The Europeanisation of capacity mechanisms. Politics and Governance. ISSN 2183-2463. 7(1), p. 92–104. doi: 10.17645/pag.v7i1.1791. Full text in Research Archive
• Banet, Catherine (2018). Prosumer Legislation in Norway: A First Step for Empowering Small Energy Consumers. In Roggenkamp, Martha & Banet, Catherine (Ed.), European energy law report Volume XII. Intersentia. ISSN 978-1-78068-672-1. p. 169–189. doi: 10.1017/9781780688091.010. Full text in Research Archive
• Banet, Catherine (2018). Techno-nationalism in the context of energy transition. Regulating Technology innovation transfer in offshore Wind technologies. In Zillman, Donald N.; Roggenkamp, Martha; Paddock, Leroy & Godden, Lee (Ed.), Innovation in energy Law and Technology. Dynamic solutions for energy transitions. Oxford University Press. ISSN 978-0-19-882208-0. p. 74–99. doi: 10.1093/oso/9780198822080.003.0005.

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• Banet, Catherine; Mostert, Henri; Paddock, Leroy; Montoya, Milton Fernando & Guayo, Iñigo del (2022). Resilience in energy, infrastructure, and natural resources law. Examining legal pathways for sustainability in times of disruption. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-286457-4. 379 p.
• Banet, Catherine; Hall, Keith; Wawryk, Alxandra; Pereira, Eduardo Guedes & Trischmann, Heike (2020). The Regulation of Decommissioning, Abandonment and Reuse Initiatives in the Oil and Gas Industry: From Obligation to Opportunities. Wolters Kluwer. ISBN 9789403506937. 696 p. Show summary

  The Regulation of Decommissioning, Abandonment and Reuse Initiatives in the Oil and Gas Industry is an expansive book which divulges a comprehensive description and critique of the key issues that must be addressed by nations, and of the current international, regional, and national law and policy in this field. With thousands of offshore oil and gas platforms in place across the globe, the decommissioning of these ageing installations is becoming of increasing concern to regulators, industry and other stakeholders in the marine environment. This book elucidates current initiatives aimed at maximising reuse and repurposing opportunities, such as wind power, hydrogen, carbon capture, and storage by analysing the relevant law and practices of selected oil- and gas-producing nations. Capitalising on the good decommissioning practices adopted by such distinguished jurisdictions as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Norway, the book delves deep into such key complex and topical issues as the following: decommissioning provisions in operating agreements; agreements on decommissioning security; dispute risks; the challenge of residual liability; tax treatment of decommissioning; environmental, health, and safety; and creating reuse incentives and enabling energy system integration.

• Banet, Catherine (2020). The Law of the Seabed: Access, Uses, and Protection of Seabed Resources. Brill|Nijhoff. ISBN 978-90-04-39156-7. 90(90). 640 p. Show summary

  The Law of the Seabed reviews the most pressing legal questions raised by the use and protection of natural resources on and underneath the world’s seabeds. While barely accessible, the seabed plays a major role in the Earth’s ecological balance. It is both a medium and a resource, and is central to the blue economy. New uses and new knowledge about seabed ecosystems, and the risks of disputes due to competing interests, urge reflection on which regulatory approaches to pursue. The regulation of ocean activities is essentially sector-based, and the book puts in parallel the international and national regimes for seabed mining, oil and gas, energy generation, bottom fisheries, marine genetic resources, carbon sequestration and maritime security operations, both within and beyond the national jurisdiction. The book contains seven parts respectively addressing the definition of the seabed from a multidisciplinary perspective, the principles of jurisdiction delimitation under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the regimes for use of non-living, living and marine biodiversity resources, the role of state and non-state actors, the laying and removal of installations, the principles for sustainable and equitable use (common heritage of mankind, precaution, benefit sharing), and management tools to ensure coexistence between activities as well as the protection of the marine environment.

• Banet, Catherine & Roggenkamp, Martha (2020). European Energy Law Report XIII. Intersentia. ISBN 978-1-78068-950-0. 469 p. Show summary

  This volume includes chapters on "Newcomers in the Electricity Market: Aggregators and Storage", "Hydropower Concessions in the EU: A Need for Liberalisation or Privatisation?", "Investments and des-Investments in the Energy Sector", "Offshore Decommissioning in the North Sea", "CCS as a Climate Tool: North Sea Practice" and "From EU Climate Goals to National Climate Laws".

• Roggenkamp, Martha & Banet, Catherine (2018). European energy law report Volume XII. Intersentia. ISBN 978-1-78068-672-1. 291 p.

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• Banet, Catherine (2022). European regulation of hydrogen and carbon capture and storage.
• Banet, Catherine (2022). Det regulatoriske rammeverket for vindkraftparker til havs i EU og Norden.
• Banet, Catherine (2022). Fitting seaports in EU energy infrastructure legislation for delivering a low-carbon energy system.
• Banet, Catherine (2022). "From Repower EU to Save Gas for a Safe Winter: EU legal mechanisms to foster energy solidarity and resilience".
• Banet, Catherine (2022). Regjeringen varsler eksport-restriksjoner: Slik kan det gjøres. [Internet]. Europower. Show summary

  Regjeringen vil innføre eksport-restriksjoner som automatisk slår inn når magasinfyllingen er lav. Hvordan dette skal gjennomføres i praksis er foreløpig uklart.

• Banet, Catherine (2022). What Role will Hydrogen Play in the North Sea 2.0?
• Banet, Catherine (2022). EU forbereder seg på at Russland kan stanse alle gassleveransene til Europa: Foreslår storkutt i gassbruk. [Newspaper]. Klassekampen. Show summary

  Europakommisjonen foreslår historiske gasskutt. Det kan også påvirke Norge, sier jussprofessor.

• Banet, Catherine (2022). The meaning of resilience for energy, infrastructure and natural resources law.
• Banet, Catherine (2022). Lokale gevinster fra vindkraftverk.
• Banet, Catherine (2022). The European Green Deal: barriers and opportunities for the EU-Norway cooperation. A legal perspective.
• Banet, Catherine (2022). Interview: Professor Catherine Banet on the European Commission REpowerEU Plan. [Internet]. Centre on Regulation in Europe. Show summary

  On 18 May 2022, the European Commission published its REpowerEU Plan, aimed at intensifying the continent’s energy transition and diversification efforts in the face of the war in Ukraine. Professor Catherine Banet, CERRE Research Fellow and Professor at the University of Oslo, answers a few questions on some of the key aspects of this new package.

• Banet, Catherine & Fehr, Nils-Henrik Mørch vo (2022). Strømpriskrise i Europa og forslag til omregulering av kraftmarkedet: et kryssperspektiv mellom økonomi og juss.
• Banet, Catherine (2022). Planning for Resilience: What can be legally done to mitigate disruptive environmental and other severe events and adjust to their impacts? Show summary

  The number of severe and sometimes catastrophic disruptive events has been rapidly increasing. Extreme weather events including floods, wildfires, hurricanes, and other natural disasters have become both more frequent and more severe, whilst events such as the COVID-19 pandemic represent a global threat to public health with huge economic effects that recovery packages tried to address. These disruptive events, alone and in combination, have dramatic consequences on nature, human life, and the economy, calling for urgent action to mitigate their causes and adapt to their impacts. Prof. Banet’s talk is based on a new book for which she is lead co-editor: Resilience in Energy Infrastructure and Natural Resources Law.

• Banet, Catherine (2022). Europos Komisija pristatė, kaip rengiasi atsisakyti rusiškos energijos – planas yra, bet ar nepritrūks laiko? (The European Commission has set out how it is preparing to abandon Russian energy - a plan is in place, but won't it run out of time?). [Internet]. LRT TV naujienų tarnyba, LRT.lt. Show summary

  The European Commission has unveiled a € 300 billion plan to phase out Russian energy resources in five years. Proposals include faster issuance of permits for the construction of solar and wind power plants, and joint purchases of natural gas. Experts believe that the biggest challenge in implementing the plan is the lack of time.

• Banet, Catherine (2022). Legal mechanisms to ensure energy solidarity: international and EU approaches, in the light of the war in Ukraine.
• Banet, Catherine (2022). Energy Planning Requirements and Offshore Wind in Norway.
• Banet, Catherine (2022). Sp og Frp vil ha makspris på strøm - også for næringslivet. [Newspaper]. Nationen.
• Banet, Catherine (2021). Moving forward with Gas Decarbonisation. [Internet]. https://youtu.be/VBekv2BtySE. Show summary

  This online Eurogas Let’s Meet! event on ‘Moving forward with Gas Decarbonisation‘ addressed the EU legislative package on hydrogen and decarbonised gases published on 15 December 2021 that aims to ensure that the gas market framework is in line with the EU ambition to reach carbon neutrality by 2050.

• Banet, Catherine (2021). The EU legal framework for sustainable finance: assessing the impacts of the EU Taxonomy Regulation on energy projects within the EU and in third countries.
• Bruhn, Rikke & Banet, Catherine (2021). Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS): Challenges and Opportunities, from a UiO perspective.
• Banet, Catherine (2021). Planleggingskrav for energisystemet og havvind (Planning requirements for the energy system and offshore wind).
• Banet, Catherine (2021). Local content requirements in the energy sector: rationale, legality and lessons from Norway.
• Banet, Catherine (2021). Hydrogen turning Europe into climate neutral economy, energy leaders highlight. [Business/trade/industry journal]. Engineering News. Show summary

  Hydrogen has an essential role to play to meet the climate change imperative of carbon neutrality, a World Hydrogen Leaders panel highlighted week.

• Banet, Catherine (2021). Forberedt kommentar til rapporten "EUs grønne giv – implikasjoner for norsk europapolitikk".
• Banet, Catherine (2021). The Regulatory Landscape of Hydrogen in the Gas Grids.
• Banet, Catherine (2021). Regulering av karbonfangst, transport og lagring i norsk rett.
• Banet, Catherine (2021). Regulating the reuse and repurposing of oil and gas installations. #SINTEFblog. Show summary

  A new publication from the NCCS project discusses the legal regime for reuse and repurposing of oil and gas installations in the context of decommissioning. It puts it in perspective with the ongoing energy system integration and discusses ways to create incentives and identify synergies within the decommissioning regime, including for enabling carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects. The publication makes a series of concrete recommendations on how to advance legislative reforms.

• Banet, Catherine (2020). EUs grønne giv: status og fremtidsutsikter. Kulde og varmepumper. ISSN 1890-8918. p. 43–44. Show summary

  Kulde- og varmepumpeteknologier, i kombinasjon med forsyning av fornybarenergi, har åpenbart en rolle å spille i avkarbonisering av bygg og industri og gjennomføring av klimamålsetning generelt, skriver Catherine Banet i denne kronikken om EU-regler som vil påvirke bransjen.

• Banet, Catherine (2020). Behovet for energiplanlegging og samordning offshore. EUs strategi for fornybar energi til havs.
• Banet, Catherine (2020). The role of independent energy regulators in times of disruption: lessons learned from Covid-19.
• Lind Berg, Tora & Banet, Catherine (2020). Klimasøksmålet: Dommen kan få enorme konsekvenser for Norges klimapolitikk. [Internet]. https://filternyheter.no/klimasoksmalet-dommen-kan-fa-enorme.
• Banet, Catherine (2020). The EU legal framework for sustainable finance: assessing the impacts of the EU Taxonomy Regulation on energy projects within the EU and in third countries.
• Banet, Catherine (2020). Havvind, hydrogen, CCS: Norge trenger en helhetlig energiplan for Nordsjøen. Energi og Klima : Norsk klimastiftelses nettmagasin. Show summary

  Tiden er inne for integrert planlegging av energisystemet i norske havområder. Norge bør utvikle en sammenhengende strategi som er forenlig med EUs nye målsetninger i den grønne given.

• Banet, Catherine (2020). Klimakrisen og det grønne skiftet: Hvilke muligheter finnes i havet? [Internet]. Universitetsplassen LIVE. Show summary

  Hydrogen, havvind og karbonfangst og -lagring (CCS) er tre mulige satsinger for Norge i havrommet. Hva ligger til rette for en slik næringsutvikling? Og hvilke trusler mot sårbar natur og miljø vil det kunne medføre?

• Banet, Catherine (2020). Regulating the re-use and repurposing of oil and gas installations in the context of decommissioning.
• Banet, Catherine (2020). Regulating the re-use and re-purposing of oil and gas installations for CCS in the context of decommissioning.
• Banet, Catherine & Nickelsen, Trine (2020). De skal sikre miljøet og rettighetene: Havbunnen på topp hos juristene. . [Business/trade/industry journal]. Apollon.
• Banet, Catherine (2020). Regulating re-use and repurposing of installations for CCS and energy system integration.
• Banet, Catherine (2020). On the road to climate neutrality. [Internet]. Montel News Weekly Podcast.. Show summary

  Ahead of the European Commission publication of its Climate Law next week, this pod discusses the implications for Europe’s energy sector. Listen to a discussion on carbon border taxes, sector coupling, ETS reform and decarbonising gas.

• Banet, Catherine (2020). Fast-tracking pathways for clean hydrogen - Legal and policy frameworks for re-designing gas markets.
• Banet, Catherine (2020). Sector coupling: EU law and energy policy strategy.
• Banet, Catherine (2019). «Kraftsalgskontrakter», Corporate Renewable Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) sett i lys av EU-retten.
• Banet, Catherine (2019). Energy and Climate Plans: the affirmation of a new legal instrument for completing the energy transition.
• Anell, Ingrid Margareta; Banet, Catherine; Weber, Viktor; Vold, Sofie Fogstad; Riseng, Cathrine & Seglem, Heidi [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). The role of law in CCS deployment – Regulatory incentives to enable carbon capture and storage (CCS) in Norway.
• Banet, Catherine (2019). The role of hydrogen and carbon capture and storage within EU sector-coupling policy. Identifying legal principles for gas market re-design.
• Banet, Catherine (2019). "Public support to carbon capture and storage (CCS) under EU state aid rules.".
• Banet, Catherine (2019). "Decarbonising the European energy industry. Opportunities in the business area of carbon capture and storage (CCS).".
• Banet, Catherine (2019). Book conclusions presentation: "The Law of the Seabed: Access, Uses and Protection of Seabed Resources.". Show summary

  The Law of the Seabed reviews the most pressing legal questions raised by the use and protection of natural resources on and underneath the world’s seabeds. While barely accessible, the seabed plays a major role in the Earth’s ecological balance. It is both a medium and a resource, and is central to the blue economy. New uses and new knowledge about seabed ecosystems, and the risks of disputes due to competing interests, urge reflection on which regulatory approaches to pursue. The regulation of ocean activities is essentially sector-based, and the book puts in parallel the international and national regimes for seabed mining, oil and gas, energy generation, bottom fisheries, marine genetic resources, carbon sequestration and maritime security operations, both within and beyond the national jurisdiction. The book contains seven parts respectively addressing the definition of the seabed from a multidisciplinary perspective, the principles of jurisdiction delimitation under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the regimes for use of non-living, living and marine biodiversity resources, the role of state and non-state actors, the laying and removal of installations, the principles for sustainable and equitable use (common heritage of mankind, precaution, benefit sharing), and management tools to ensure coexistence between activities as well as the protection of the marine environment.

• Banet, Catherine (2019). "I dag starter andre runde av klimasøksmålet: – Vil bli flere slike saker i Norge.". [Internet]. nrk.no.
• Banet, Catherine (2019). Public support to carbon capture and storage (CCS) under EU state aid rules.
• Banet, Catherine (2019). Sector-coupling in the North Sea: decarbonising and creating new value by coupling the energy systems. Seizing a window of opportunity.
• Banet, Catherine (2019). "Electricity network tariffs regulation: between the need for new investments and a fair energy transition." .
• Banet, Catherine (2019). "Energilovgivning i EU og betydningen for norske kraftselskap.".
• Banet, Catherine & Goldberg, Silke (2019). Evolution of national support schemes for renewable energy sources. .
• Banet, Catherine & O'Brien, Alice (2019). Enabling the H2-CCS value chain by law: business models, risk mitigation, incentives and legal frameworks.
• Banet, Catherine (2019). Rør- og sjøtransport av CO2. Juridiske hindringer for å gjennomføre fullskala CO2-håndtering.
• Banet, Catherine (2018). Joint workshop on CCS risk and liability sharing .
• Banet, Catherine (2018). Nytt fornybardirektiv og styringssystem for energiunionen: Rettslige virkninger for EØS-landet Norge? Show summary

  Med enigheten i EU om fornybardirektiv inklusive et skjerpet fornybarmål og krav til nasjonale planer og tiltak fra medlemslandene som bakteppe, har vi bedt Catherine Banet komme med noen første vurderinger av hva dette kan ha å si for Norge i praksis, samt EØS-relevansen.

• Banet, Catherine & Wettestad, Jørgen (2018). Frankrike som EUs nye klimaleder? Energi og Klima : Norsk klimastiftelses nettmagasin. Show summary

  Frankrike har vært kjernekraftlandet, litt i skyggen av Storbritannia og Tyskland i klima- og energipolitikken i Europa. Landet får fortsatt 75 prosent av sin energiforsyning fra kjernekraft. Men dette skal ned til 50 prosent i løpet av 2020-årene, og vind og sol skal trappes opp for å supplere vannkraft (som er viktigst innen fornybar energi så langt). Nå har Brexit og interne politiske konflikter i Tyskland svekket disse to tungvekternes rolle i EUs klimapolitikk. Emmanuel Macron som ble president i mai 2017 og hans regjering har lansert flere initiativer, både når det gjelder videre styrking av fornybarpolitikken og klimakvotesystemet. Hva er så status for politikken på disse områdene? Hva er sentrale bakgrunnsfaktorer? Hvor går Frankrike videre i denne sammenhengen? Disse spørsmålene diskuterer vi i denne artikkelen.

• Banet, Catherine (2018). Status Frankrikes energiomstilling og klimapolitikk.
• Banet, Catherine (2018). Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (Bio-CCS): moving from carbon neutrality to carbon negativity as a legal requirement.
• Banet, Catherine (2018). Kraftkontrakter: Corporate Renewable PPAs sett i lys av EU-retten.
• Banet, Catherine (2018). Crowdfunding regulation in Europe and Norway.
• Leiren, Merethe Dotterud; Szulecki, Kacper; Banet, Catherine & Rayner, Tim (2018). Black-out concerns against markets: Capacity mechanisms in European electricity markets.
• Leiren, Merethe Dotterud; Szulecki, Kacper; Banet, Catherine; Boasson, Elin Lerum; Wettestad, Jørgen & Bjermeland, Monica (2018). Panel: Utviklingen av støttesystemer for fornybar energi i seks europeiske land.
• Banet, Catherine (2018). Utenlandsk deltagelse i nasjonale kapasitetsmekanismer: en juridisk analyse.
• Banet, Catherine (2018). EUs godkjenning av nasjonale kapasitetsmekanismer.
• Banet, Catherine (2018). Crowdfunding of low carbon measures in agriculture.
• Banet, Catherine (2018). State of play of support schemes for renewable electricity generation in France: a legal review. .
• Banet, Catherine (2018). Climate litigation: how could comparative law be instructive to the Norwegian judiciary.
• Banet, Catherine (2018). Bio-CCS: regulating carbon negativity.
• Banet, Catherine & Bygrave, Lee Andrew (2018). Blockchain i energibransjen: Et juridisk perspektiv.
• von der Fehr, Nils-Henrik M.; Banet, Catherine; Le Coq, Chloé; Pollitt, Michael & Willems, Bert (2022). Retail Energy Markets under Stress: Lessons Learnt for the Future of Market Design. Centre on Regulation in Europe (CERRE). Show summary

  The report is part of a research project focused on both wholesale and retail European energy markets, with the aim to formulate policy recommendations for the future of market design. The paper aims to address and provide some initial answers to the below research questions: - How well have European retail electricity markets been coping with the current energy crisis? How have governments responded to increasing prices? - What short-term measures can governments take to soften the impact of high energy prices? - What long-term measures can governments take to protect consumers from high energy prices? - What should be the role of the EU vs. the Member States? - What legal constraints are imposed by EU directives and regulations? - Do we need to regulate the risk exposure of suppliers? What are the options for doing this? The authors provide a brief discussion on energy retailing, before presenting four country experiences: France, Norway, the Netherlands and Great Britain. Based on these experiences, the paper subsequently attempts to draw lessons and identify challenges and opportunities for retail markets going forward.

• Banet, Catherine; Sørensen, Astrid; Bjørndal, Mette Helene; Fuhrman, Jay; Hessen, Dag Olav & Sebastian, Hole Markus [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2022). Negative emissions and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) including ocean scenarios: Drivers, uncertainties, and deployment potential. Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet. Show summary

  Negative emissions and Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) at scale is required to offset hard to reduce emission streams and remove historic emissions from the atmosphere. CDR relies on and intervenes with the basics of earth systems such as the ocean, land, soil, and the atmosphere. This implies that CDR will need to be developed on terms that are acceptable to the natural systems which our human systems rely on. This report offers an introduction to three CDR solutions: seaweed farming, BECCS and direct air capture (DAC).

• Banet, Catherine (2021). Revision of the Renewable Energy Directive (REDII): How to improve tendering, planning and tracking rules to deliver the European Green Deal. Centre on Regulation in Europe (CERRE). Show summary

  This Recommendation Paper aims to contribute to the discussion of how to amend the Renewable Energy Directive (EU) 2018/2011 (REDII) to ensure it is ‘fit-for-purpose’ under the European Union’s (EU) new 2030 emissions reduction target, the 2050 climate-neutrality objective and the expected increase in the renewable energy target. As REDII was only recently adopted, a targeted revision, that is limited-in-scope, is required. Such a short-term revision is to be distinguished from a more thorough recast that will be needed over the longer-term. The Recommendation Paper explores three specific areas, providing recommendations to improve: (i) renewable energy support schemes and tendering procedures; (ii) enhanced coordination of energy system planning; and (iii) rules for the tracking and valorisation of renewable energy generation attributes.

• Otte, Pia; Mæhle, Natalia; Hansen, Sissel; Farstad, Maja; Bjerke Soldal, Olav & Stoknes, Per Espen [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). COOLCROWD – en veiledning for lokal folkefinansiering av klimatiltak i landbruket. RURALIS - Institutt for rural- og regionalforskning. ISSN 1503-2035. Full text in Research Archive

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