CRIMEANTHROP

Criminal justice, wildlife conservation and animal rights in the Anthropocene

Photo: Scanpix

About the project

CRIMEANTHROP explores the regulation, rationale behind and enforcement of wildlife conservation, the normative and socio-legal messages of this enforcement, and their implications for wildlife conservation and individual animal welfare.

We will use interdisciplinary grounded theoretical and methodological angles and further contribute towards developing international green criminology.

These approaches enable us to present a comprehensive analysis of contemporary wildlife management, human-animal relations and animal rights. Policies and regulations of CITES and the Bern Convention and their impact concerning wildlife trade and human management of endangered predator species will be examined in four countries with different, local, and socio-legal conditions: Norway, as primary site of investigation, with UK, Germany, and Spain as supporting case studies. Qualitative methodologies; interviews with politicians and bureaucrats, law enforcement agencies and NGOs (e.g. WWF,NOAH) will be employed in each case country. CITES and the Bern Convention, national preparatory works, legislation and case law will be subject to discourse analysis. We will empirically and theoretically explore the implementation of CITES and the Bern Convention in the four locations, building on and expanding green criminology scholarship through interdisciplinary approaches from law, political science, criminology, and philosophy.

Objectives

To empirically and theoretically explore whether the messages of international conventions (CITES and Bern), and consequently their regulation/legislation and implementation, are ambiguous concerning wildlife protection and animal welfare in Norway, UK, Germany, and Spain.
To broaden and develop green criminology as a field through interdisciplinary, international cooperation.
To examine whether unclear normative messages conveyed by CITES and the Bern Convention may hinder implementation and compliance as well as the achievement of further goals such as awareness raising, wildlife conservation, and ecosystem protection.
To theoretically and empirically explore possible differences in influences and outcomes of political decision making concerning wildlife management in order to assess whether this affects states' success in complying with CITES and the Bern Convention and their practices concerning individual and species protection.

Outcomes

If the implications of CRIMEANTHROP's hypotheses prove true; that the messages conveyed by the conventions are ambiguous; failing to educate about and protect endangered species; and that individual and species protection is insufficiently integrated into member states' conservation approaches resulting in continued exploitation and abuse, then endangered wildlife and species survival will be further threatened, prolonging and strengthening species extinction.

Policy briefs

Sub-projects

Financing

CRIMEANTHROP is funded by the Research Council of Norway's Independent projects (FRIPRO) programme.

Cooperation

This is a cooperation between project partners University of Northumbria, University of Colorado Denver and University of Granada.

Results from the project

List of project results from the project partners.

Lie, Martine S.B. (2024). Large Predator Poaching as Situational Action Fueled by Legal Hunts. Deviant Behavior. ISSN 0163-9625. doi: 10.1080/01639625.2024.2312441.
Lie, Martine S.B. (2024). Legal Versus Illegal Hunts: A Species Justice Perspective on Wolf and Bear Theriocides in Norway. In Sollund, Ragnhild & Lie, Martine S.B. (Ed.), Criminal Justice, Wildlife Conservation and Animal Rights in the Anthropocene. Bristol University Press. ISSN 9781529223354. p. 17–36. doi: 10.56687/9781529223385-004. Show summary
This book addresses one of today’s most urgent issues: the loss of wildlife and habitat, which together constitute an ecological crisis. Combining studies from different disciplines such as law, political science and criminology with a focus on animal rights, the chapters explore the successes and failures of the international wildlife conservation and trade treaties, CITES and the BERN Convention. While these conventions have played a crucial role in protecting endangered species from trade and in the rewilding of European large carnivores, the case studies in this book demonstrate huge variations in their implementation and enforcement across Europe. In conclusion, the book advocates for a non-anthropocentric policy approach to strengthen wildlife conservation in Europe.
Sollund, Ragnhild & Lie, Martine S.B. (2024). Introduction. In Sollund, Ragnhild & Lie, Martine S.B. (Ed.), Criminal Justice, Wildlife Conservation and Animal Rights in the Anthropocene. Bristol University Press. ISSN 9781529223354. p. 1–17. doi: 10.56687/9781529223385-003. Show summary
This book addresses one of today’s most urgent issues: the loss of wildlife and habitat, which together constitute an ecological crisis. Combining studies from different disciplines such as law, political science and criminology with a focus on animal rights, the chapters explore the successes and failures of the international wildlife conservation and trade treaties, CITES and the BERN Convention. While these conventions have played a crucial role in protecting endangered species from trade and in the rewilding of European large carnivores, the case studies in this book demonstrate huge variations in their implementation and enforcement across Europe. In conclusion, the book advocates for a non-anthropocentric policy approach to strengthen wildlife conservation in Europe.
Sollund, Ragnhild & Lie, Martine S.B. (2024). Conclusion. In Sollund, Ragnhild & Lie, Martine S.B. (Ed.), Criminal Justice, Wildlife Conservation and Animal Rights in the Anthropocene. Bristol University Press. ISSN 9781529223354. p. 205–215. doi: 10.56687/9781529223385-014. Show summary
This book addresses one of today’s most urgent issues: the loss of wildlife and habitat, which together constitute an ecological crisis. Combining studies from different disciplines such as law, political science and criminology with a focus on animal rights, the chapters explore the successes and failures of the international wildlife conservation and trade treaties, CITES and the BERN Convention. While these conventions have played a crucial role in protecting endangered species from trade and in the rewilding of European large carnivores, the case studies in this book demonstrate huge variations in their implementation and enforcement across Europe. In conclusion, the book advocates for a non-anthropocentric policy approach to strengthen wildlife conservation in Europe.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2024). Specicism and the non-human. In Pontell, Henry (Eds.), Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice. Oxford University Press. ISSN 9780190264079.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2024). The implementation of CITES in Norway, a longitudinal approach to the assessment of enforcement from a species justice perspective. In Sollund, Ragnhild & Lie, Martine S.B. (Ed.), Criminal Justice, Wildlife Conservation and Animal Rights in the Anthropocene. Bristol University Press. ISSN 9781529223354. p. 36–51. Show summary
This book addresses one of today’s most urgent issues: the loss of wildlife and habitat, which together constitute an ecological crisis. Combining studies from different disciplines such as law, political science and criminology with a focus on animal rights, the chapters explore the successes and failures of the international wildlife conservation and trade treaties, CITES and the BERN Convention. While these conventions have played a crucial role in protecting endangered species from trade and in the rewilding of European large carnivores, the case studies in this book demonstrate huge variations in their implementation and enforcement across Europe. In conclusion, the book advocates for a non-anthropocentric policy approach to strengthen wildlife conservation in Europe.
Rodriguez Goyes, David (2023). National legislative adoption of international wildlife law after treaty ratification. Crime, law and social change. ISSN 0925-4994. doi: 10.1007/s10611-023-10117-7. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Handelen med ville og eksotiske dyr i Norge: Død og pine? Miljøkrim : tidsskrift for miljøkriminalitet. ISSN 1501-5920.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Handel med truede dyrearter og håndhevelse i Norge: foreløpige resultater fra CRIMEANTHROP. Miljøkrim : tidsskrift for miljøkriminalitet. ISSN 1501-5920.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Wildlife trade and law enforcement: A proposal for a remodelling of CITES incorporating species justice, ecojustice, and environmental justice. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology. ISSN 0306-624X. 66(9), p. 1017–1035. doi: 10.1177/0306624X221099492.
Rodriguez Goyes, David (2022). The importance of stories in wildlife management. Ecological Management & Restoration. ISSN 1442-7001. 23(3). doi: 10.1111/emr.12567. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Storytelling shapes how we understand the world and act in it, including our interactions with nature. For instance, the oral stories Indigenous peoples around the world transmit from generation to generation about the sacred bond between humans and non-humans in the world establish a respectful relationship with ecosystems. However, we have yet to fully understand how stories shape conservation and restoration practices beyond Indigenous communities. In this article, I demonstrate the function of stories in impeding conservation and restoration as well as their potential in advancing conservation and restoration. I interviewed central stakeholders in Norway's wildlife management—activists, civil servants and parliamentarians—and interpreted their stories using narrative theory to analyse how their stories affected what they did in terms of wildlife management. Each cluster of stakeholders relies on different story sources for their work: activists invoke moral stories, civil servants convey scientific accounts and parliamentarians narrate episodes of power. By relying on these diverse sources of stories, I show that the three groups of stakeholders see the world as it relates to conservation and restoration differently from each other, diverge in their actions, and as a result fail to cooperate in wildlife management. The stories that stakeholders tell are telling. The policymaking implications of understanding the power of stories are significant: efficient conservation and restoration programmes require cooperation, but diverging narratives weaken the likelihood of this cooperation. Furthermore, while most governments around the world use international environmental treaties as the narrative source to guide their efforts in preventing the decimation of nature, none of the stakeholders in wildlife management I interviewed relied on this source in their storytelling. While my interviewees are Norwegian, my findings forefront the worldwide importance of stories in conservation and restoration practices.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). A Gendered Case File Analysis of Reptile Trafficking and Illegal Keeping in Norway. In Agu, Helen & Gore, Meredith (Ed.), Women and Wildlife Trafficking: Participants, Perpetrators and Victims. Routledge. ISSN 9780367640262. doi: https:/doi.org/10.4324/9781003121831.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Non-Speciecist Criminology. Wildlife Trade, and Animal Victimization. In Erez, Edna & Ibarra, Peter (Ed.), The Oxford Encyclopedia of International Criminology. Oxford University Press. ISSN 9780190883140.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Forskerens frihet og plikt til å tale dyrenes sak. In Pettersen, Arnfinn (Eds.), Ingen frihet uten ytringsfrihet. Humanist Forlag. ISSN 978-82-8282-205-3.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). The development of the enforcement of CITES in Norway: Discretionary omissions and theriocides. Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental. ISSN 2014-038X. 12(1). doi: 10.17345/rcda3086. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild & Rodriguez Goyes, David (2021). State-organized crime and the killing of wolves in Norway. Trends in Organized Crime. ISSN 1084-4791. 24, p. 467–484. doi: 10.1007/s12117-021-09420-3. Full text in Research Archive
Rodriguez Goyes, David (2021). CONTENDING PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL WILDLIFE LAW: A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF CITES AND THE BERN CONVENTION . Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental. ISSN 2014-038X. 12(1), p. 1–35. doi: 10.17345/rcda3051. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Introduction to the special issue of CRIMEANTHROP: Criminal Justice, wildlife conservation and animal rights in the ANTHROPOCENE. Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental. ISSN 2014-038X. 12(1). doi: 10.17345/RCDA3112. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Green Criminology: Its Foundation in Critical Criminology and the Way Forward. . The Howard Journal of Communications. ISSN 1064-6175. 60(3), p. 304–322. doi: 10.1111/hojo.12421. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S. B. (2021). “Humane Theriocides”: Traces of Compassion for Animals in the Norwegian Legal Discourse on Illegal Bear and Wolf Killings. Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental. ISSN 2014-038X. 12(1). doi: 10.17345/rcda3085. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Wolves and brown bears are critically endangered in Norway. Their population is approximately 110 and 150 individuals, respectively, and is kept at these low numbers through licensed hunts. These animals are also vulnerable to illegal theriocides (killings of animals by humans), which poses a considerable threat to the species’ survival. The theriocides also harm individual animal victims and impinge on their intrinsic value. This article assesses whether a consideration of harm to the individual animals is part of the Norwegian courts’ problem definition and discourse order concerning such illegal hunts by developing and conducting a “critical green victimological discourse analysis” of verdicts. Moreover, the courts’ portrayals of the victims are assessed—by asking the question: do they acknowledge them as such, or continue the speciesist ideology of the Anthropocene, seeing animals mainly as commodities and components of nature?
Sollund, Ragnhild (2020). Wildlife Crime: A Crime of Hegemonic Masculinity? Social Sciences. ISSN 2076-0760. 9(6). doi: 10.3390/socsci9060093.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2019). Wildlife Management, Species Injustice and Ecocide in the Anthropocene. Critical Criminology. ISSN 1205-8629. p. 1–19. doi: 10.1007/s10612-019-09469-1.

View all works in Cristin

Sollund, Ragnhild & Lie, Martine S.B. (2024). Criminal Justice, Wildlife Conservation and Animal Rights in the Anthropocene. Bristol University Press. ISBN 9781529223354. 232 p. Show summary
This book addresses one of today’s most urgent issues: the loss of wildlife and habitat, which together constitute an ecological crisis. Combining studies from different disciplines such as law, political science and criminology with a focus on animal rights, the chapters explore the successes and failures of the international wildlife conservation and trade treaties, CITES and the BERN Convention. While these conventions have played a crucial role in protecting endangered species from trade and in the rewilding of European large carnivores, the case studies in this book demonstrate huge variations in their implementation and enforcement across Europe. In conclusion, the book advocates for a non-anthropocentric policy approach to strengthen wildlife conservation in Europe.

View all works in Cristin

Sollund, Ragnhild (2024). UNODC - Gendered Dimensions of Crimes that Affect the Environment.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2024). Hvilken beskyttelse har ville dyr som trues med utryddelse? Forskersonen.no.
Sollund, Ragnhild & Lie, Martine S.B. (2024). Hunting and the myth of wildlife protection. Transforming Society.
Lie, Martine S.B. (2023). Are legal hunts more ‘species just’ than illegal hunts? An analysis of wolf and bear theriocides in Norway. Show summary
Ulv og brunbjørn er henholdsvis kritisk truet og truet i Norge, og vernet gjennom Bernkonvensjonen (the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats). Selv om Norge ratifiserte konvensjonen i 1979 blir ulv og bjørn stadig tatt av dage i Norge, blant annet under lisensjakt, illegal jakt og i nødverge, for å hindre dyrene i å angripe mennesker eller andre dyr. Jeg presenterer en komparativ analyse av norske domsavsigelser om ulovlig bjørne- og ulvejakt, og reguleringer og veiledninger for lovlig jakt. Analysen avdekker flere likheter mellom den lovlige og ulovlige jakten. Dette reiser spørsmål om hvorvidt den lovlige jakten kan rettferdiggjøres som mer «artsrettferdig» enn den ulovlige jakten, om man anlegger et bredt dyrevelferdsperspektiv—altså, fører lovlig jakt til mindre lidelse for ofrene enn illegal jakt? Jeg vil også evaluere om lidelsen for dyrene er del av domstolenes diskursorden angående illegal jakt. Anerkjenner domstolene dem som ofre i dommene, eller viderefører dommerne den spesiesistiske ideologien i Antropocen, hvor dyr hovedsakelig regnes som varer eller bestanddeler av naturen, og ikke individer?
Lie, Martine S.B. (2023). Legal mobilization on behalf of Norwegian wolves.
Lie, Martine S.B. (2023). Uplanlagt illegal rovdyrjakt som «situasjonell handling». Show summary
» Illegal jakt er en betydelig trussel mot ulv og bjørns overlevelse i Norge. Det er forsket mye på «tjuvjakt», mens spontane illegale rovdyrdrap har fått mindre oppmerksomhet. I denne presentasjonen undersøker jeg hvorfor slike rovdyrdrap skjer, basert på en analyse av dommer fra norske domstoler. Analysen tar utgangspunkt i «Situasjonell handlingsteori», og viser hvordan lovlig rovdyrjakt kan bidra til ulovlige rovdyrdrap. De domfelte ser også ut til å ha blitt påvirket av bekjente i handlingsøyeblikket.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2023). Hvorfor skal slike dyr drepes? Dagsavisen.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2023). Three dead parrots show need for proper ban on wildlife trade. BigNewsNetwork.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2023). Three dead parrots show need for proper ban on wildlife trade. Cosmos.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2023). Three dead parrots show need for proper ban on wildlife trade. 360info.org.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2023). Smugling av dyr er milliardbutikk . [Radio]. NRK Ekko.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2023). Dyrisk: Kva er eit dyr? [Internet]. DAG OG TID podcast.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Roundtable presentation: Eating ET: Carnism, veganism and animal abuse.
Lie, Martine S. B. (2022). Kan (folke)retten beskytte utrydningstruede rovdyr?
Lie, Martine S. B. (2022). Project update.
Sollund, Ragnhild; Stefes, Christoph & South, Nigel (2022). Panel: Criminal justice, Wildlife Conservation and Animal Rights in the Anthropocene: Findings from a Research Project. Paper: Wildlife Trafficking in Norway and the Enforcement of CITES: Trends from a Decade.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Wildlife trafficking, enforcement and species justice - Invited speech for of Centre for Human/Animal Studies .
Sollund, Ragnhild; Wyatt, Tanya; Stefes, Christoph; Goyes, David Rodríguez; Brisman, Avi & South, Nigel [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). CRIMEANTHROP.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Environmental Crime & Gender: Wildlife Crime and Gender.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Wildlife trade, law enforcement and a proposal for a radical shift in nature conservation.
Stefes, Christoph & Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Presentation of findings from case study– Germany. The implementation and enforcement of CITES and the Bern Convention.
Rodriguez Goyes, David (2022). The importance of stories in wildlife management.
Rodriguez Goyes, David (2022). The importance of stories in wildlife management.
Rodriguez Goyes, David & Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). State-organized crime and the killing of wolves in Norway.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Presentation of findings from case study–Norway: Wildlife trafficking: Control, enforcement and species justice.
Fajardo, Teresa & Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Presentation of findings from case study–Spain. The implementation and enforcement of CITES and the Bern Convention .
Wyatt, Tanya & Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Presentation of findings from case study – UK. The implementation and enforcement of CITES and the Bern Convention. .
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Grønn kriminologi. Nytt Norsk Tidsskrift. ISSN 0800-336X. 39(2), p. 166–170. doi: 10.18261/nnt.39.2.7. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). CRIMEANTHROP - panel and paper.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Panel: Criminal justice, Wildlife Conservation and Animal Rights in the Anthropocene: Findings.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Wildlife Crime & Gender. Show summary
Keynote speech on wildlife trafficking and gender
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Wildlife Trafficking, enforcement and species justice.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Heksejakt på ulven. Dagbladet.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Why Is Norway Killing Trafficked Wildlife? [Business/trade/industry journal]. RealClear Science.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). To Curb Smuggling, Norway Has Been Killing Confiscated Wildlife. [Internet]. UNDARK.
Reinhardt, Stefanie & Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). På tide med et oppgjør. Dagbladet.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Mennesket – dyrenes beste venn? [Radio]. NRK Ekko.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). CRIMEANTHROP.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Slipp dyrene fri, det er vår! . Klassekampen. ISSN 0805-3839.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Hvor mye skal ulven tåle? . Dagsavisen. ISSN 1503-2892.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Wildlife trade and crime.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Ulovlig handel med truede arter.
Rodriguez Goyes, David (2021). Ratification, so what? The Norwegian adoption of international wildlife law.
Lie, Martine S. B. (2021). Presentation of research from Norway: “Humane Theriocides”: Traces of Compassion for Animals in the Norwegian Legal Discourse on Illegal Bear and Wolf Killings.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Presentation of research from Norway: The Development of Enforcement of CITES in Norway: Discretionary Omissions and Theoricides.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Norge skyter ulv ulovlig. Kan vi da forvente at andre land tar vare på sine truede arter? Forskersonen.no.
Sollund, Ragnhild & Rodriguez Goyes, David (2021). Correction to: State‑organized crime and the killing of wolves in Norway (Trends in Organized Crime, (2021), 24, 4, (467-484), 10.1007/s12117-021-09420-3). Trends in Organized Crime. ISSN 1084-4791. 24(4). doi: 10.1007/s12117-021-09427-w.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). CRIMEANTHROP - panel and paper about wildlife trafficking.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Invited speech about wildlife trafficking. Show summary
Guest lecture on wildlife trafficking and animal abuse
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Kontrollen med, og omfang av, illegal handel med truede dyrearter i Norge. Show summary
Foredrag fra forskningen om handelen med truede dyrearter
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Ecocide/Speciesism: Revisiting Hierarchy in the Anthropocene.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Hvilke rettigheter har dyr? [Radio]. NRK Ekko.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). How Animal Trafficking Became One of the Most Lucrative Industries on the Planet. [Internet]. Sentient.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Skjebnen til 25 ulver avgjøres denne uken. Når skal den norske naturkrigen ta slutt? Forskersonen.no.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Dette er grunnene til at vi behandler noen dyr bra og andre så dårlig. Forskersonen.no.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Bør dyr få universelle rettigheter? [Newspaper]. Morgenbladet.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). HANDS OFF, MENNESKER. [Newspaper]. Klassekampen.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Ny bok setter spørsmålstegn ved dyrs rettigheter. [Newspaper]. Nationen.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Om innstilling til dyr. [Radio]. NRK Studio 2.
Sollund, Ragnhild & Topdahl, Rolv Christian (2020). Mener Kina ikke går langt nok i å forhindre en ny pandemi. NRK.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2020). Internasjonale konvensjoner rettferdiggjør handel med ville dyr . [Business/trade/industry journal]. Apollon.
Lie, Martine S. B. (2020). An assessment of NGOs’ use of “lawfare” as a strategy to ensure compliance with the Bern Convention and protection of endangered large predators in Norway.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2020). Urix på lørdag. [Radio]. NRK URIX.
Ystehede, Per Jørgen & Sollund, Ragnhild (2019). Internasjonale konvensjoner på villspor. [Internet]. Universitetet i Oslo.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2019). Crimeanthrope .
Sollund, Ragnhild (2019). Ikke lat som om de er beskyttet. [Newspaper]. Dagsavisen.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2019). Troféjakt, konservering og etikk. [Newspaper]. Dagens Næringsliv.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2019). The Critical Criminologist: Spotlight. The Critical Criminologist: Spotlight. 27(2).
Sollund, Ragnhild & Myrtveit, Aase Cathrine (2019). Handel med ville dyr. NRK.
Sollund, Ragnhild & Ystehede, Per Jørgen (2019). International conventions on the wrong track . [Internet]. Universitetet i Oslo.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2019). CRIMEANTHROP: Criminal justice, wildlife conservation and animal rights in the Anthropocene.
Rodríguez Goyes, David (2019). Legal and moral foundations of CITES and Bern conventions: Priorities, conflicts and ambiguities.
Lie, Martine Synnøve Bergersen (2019). Large predator management versus the intrinsic value of animals.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2019). Panel and launch of research project.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2019). Handel med ville dyr. [Radio]. NRK Verdibørsen.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2018). Umoralsk norsk ulvejakt. Dagsavisen. ISSN 1503-2892.