CRIMEANTHROP (completed)

Criminal justice, wildlife conservation and animal rights in the Anthropocene

Photo: Scanpix

About the project

CRIMEANTHROP explored the regulation, rationale behind and enforcement of wildlife conservation, the normative and socio-legal messages of this enforcement, and their implications for wildlife conservation and individual animal welfare.

It used interdisciplinary grounded theoretical and methodological angles and further contribute towards developing international green criminology.

CRIMEANTHROP presented a comprehensive analysis of contemporary wildlife management, human-animal relations and animal rights. Policies and regulations of CITES and the Bern Convention and their impact concerning wildlife trade and human management of endangered predator species were examined in four countries with different, local, and socio-legal conditions: Norway, as primary site of investigation, with UK, Germany, and Spain as supporting case studies. Qualitative methodologies; interviews with politicians and bureaucrats, law enforcement agencies and NGOs (e.g. WWF,NOAH) was employed in each case country. CITES and the Bern Convention, national preparatory works, legislation and case law was subjected to discourse analysis. CRIMEANTHROP empirically and theoretically explored the implementation of CITES and the Bern Convention in the four locations, building on and expanding green criminology scholarship through interdisciplinary approaches from law, political science, criminology, and philosophy.

Objectives

To empirically and theoretically examined if the messages of international conventions (CITES and Bern), and consequently their regulation/legislation and implementation, were ambiguous concerning wildlife protection and animal welfare in Norway, UK, Germany, and Spain.
Broadened and developed green criminology as a field through interdisciplinary, international cooperation.
Examine whether unclear normative messages conveyed by CITES and the Bern Convention hindered implementation and compliance as well as the achievement of further goals such as awareness raising, wildlife conservation, and ecosystem protection.
Theoretically and empirically explored possible differences in influences and outcomes of political decision making concerning wildlife management and assessed whether this affects states' success in complying with CITES and the Bern Convention and their practices concerning individual and species protection.

Outcomes

CRIMEANTHROP found that the messages conveyed by the conventions are ambiguous; failed to educate about and protect endangered species; and that individual and species protection is insufficiently integrated into member states' conservation approaches resulting in continued exploitation and abuse, endangering wildlife and species survival, thus prolonging and strengthening species extinction.

Policy briefs

Sub-projects

Financing

CRIMEANTHROP was funded by the Research Council of Norway's Independent projects (FRIPRO) programme.

Cooperation

This was a cooperation between project partners University of Northumbria, University of Colorado Denver and University of Granada.

Results from the project

List of project results from the project partners.

Lie, Martine S.B. (2024). Large Predator Poaching as Situational Action Fueled by Legal Hunts. Deviant Behavior. ISSN 0163-9625. 45(11), p. 1568–1583. doi: 10.1080/01639625.2024.2312441. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Poaching of large predators is a big threat to their survival in Norway. These illegal killings take many forms, some meticulously planned, others spontaneous, such as in situations mistakenly experienced as potential predator attacks. While the first type of offense has been studied from various perspectives, the second type is discussed here. I analyze court verdicts from unplanned, spontaneous attempted and completed illegal wolf and bear killings in Norway through the lens of Wikström’s “Situational Action Theory,” exploring why offenders convicted by the court shot the predators. Hoeben and Thomas’ and McGloin and Thomas’ notion of “situational peer influence” seems to be an important factor and is included in the analysis. The findings imply that legal hunts increase the risk of spontaneous poaching of large predators – a type of killing often overlooked in discussions of the preventative or criminogenic influence of legal hunting on illegal hunting.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2024). The implementation of CITES in Norway, a longitudinal approach to the assessment of enforcement from a species justice perspective. In Sollund, Ragnhild & Lie, Martine S.B. (Ed.), Criminal Justice, Wildlife Conservation and Animal Rights in the Anthropocene. Bristol University Press. ISSN 9781529223354. p. 36–51. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
This book addresses one of today’s most urgent issues: the loss of wildlife and habitat, which together constitute an ecological crisis. Combining studies from different disciplines such as law, political science and criminology with a focus on animal rights, the chapters explore the successes and failures of the international wildlife conservation and trade treaties, CITES and the BERN Convention. While these conventions have played a crucial role in protecting endangered species from trade and in the rewilding of European large carnivores, the case studies in this book demonstrate huge variations in their implementation and enforcement across Europe. In conclusion, the book advocates for a non-anthropocentric policy approach to strengthen wildlife conservation in Europe.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2024). Specicism and the non-human. In Pontell, Henry (Eds.), Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice. Oxford University Press. ISSN 9780190264079. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S.B. (2024). Legal Versus Illegal Hunts: A Species Justice Perspective on Wolf and Bear Theriocides in Norway. In Sollund, Ragnhild & Lie, Martine S.B. (Ed.), Criminal Justice, Wildlife Conservation and Animal Rights in the Anthropocene. Bristol University Press. ISSN 9781529223354. p. 17–36. doi: 10.56687/9781529223385-004. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
This book addresses one of today’s most urgent issues: the loss of wildlife and habitat, which together constitute an ecological crisis. Combining studies from different disciplines such as law, political science and criminology with a focus on animal rights, the chapters explore the successes and failures of the international wildlife conservation and trade treaties, CITES and the BERN Convention. While these conventions have played a crucial role in protecting endangered species from trade and in the rewilding of European large carnivores, the case studies in this book demonstrate huge variations in their implementation and enforcement across Europe. In conclusion, the book advocates for a non-anthropocentric policy approach to strengthen wildlife conservation in Europe.
Sollund, Ragnhild & Lie, Martine S.B. (2024). Hunting and the myth of wildlife protection. Transforming Society. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild & Lie, Martine S.B. (2024). Conclusion. In Sollund, Ragnhild & Lie, Martine S.B. (Ed.), Criminal Justice, Wildlife Conservation and Animal Rights in the Anthropocene. Bristol University Press. ISSN 9781529223354. p. 205–215. doi: 10.56687/9781529223385-014. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
This book addresses one of today’s most urgent issues: the loss of wildlife and habitat, which together constitute an ecological crisis. Combining studies from different disciplines such as law, political science and criminology with a focus on animal rights, the chapters explore the successes and failures of the international wildlife conservation and trade treaties, CITES and the BERN Convention. While these conventions have played a crucial role in protecting endangered species from trade and in the rewilding of European large carnivores, the case studies in this book demonstrate huge variations in their implementation and enforcement across Europe. In conclusion, the book advocates for a non-anthropocentric policy approach to strengthen wildlife conservation in Europe.
Sollund, Ragnhild & Lie, Martine S.B. (2024). Introduction. In Sollund, Ragnhild & Lie, Martine S.B. (Ed.), Criminal Justice, Wildlife Conservation and Animal Rights in the Anthropocene. Bristol University Press. ISSN 9781529223354. p. 1–17. doi: 10.56687/9781529223385-003. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
This book addresses one of today’s most urgent issues: the loss of wildlife and habitat, which together constitute an ecological crisis. Combining studies from different disciplines such as law, political science and criminology with a focus on animal rights, the chapters explore the successes and failures of the international wildlife conservation and trade treaties, CITES and the BERN Convention. While these conventions have played a crucial role in protecting endangered species from trade and in the rewilding of European large carnivores, the case studies in this book demonstrate huge variations in their implementation and enforcement across Europe. In conclusion, the book advocates for a non-anthropocentric policy approach to strengthen wildlife conservation in Europe.
Goyes, David Rodriguez (2023). National legislative adoption of international wildlife law after treaty ratification. Crime, law and social change. ISSN 0925-4994. doi: 10.1007/s10611-023-10117-7. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Since the 1970s, the world has witnessed a proliferation of international treaties championing the protection of wildlife. The effectiveness of those treaties, which together comprise international wildlife law (IWL), depends on their national implementation by individual states rather than on their number. National implementation of IWL ranges from legislative action, to resource allocation, to individual behavioural change. Inadequate IWL implementation can facilitate and even lead to wildlife crime. Therefore, examining how countries operationalise their commitments derived from IWL is important to understand the efficacy (or lack thereof) of wildlife treaties. The main goal of this article is to investigate the dynamics by which nations internalise international wildlife commitments into state law, by using Norway as a case study. The article thus explores the social dynamics that shaped the domestic legal action that Norway undertook after its ratification of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern Convention). The study is based on historical data documenting Norway’s legislative processes derived from the conventions and historical records of the country’s environmental conflicts. It applies Chambliss’s sociology of law perspective on conflict to interpret the material. While many globalisation scholars hold that globalisation stripped states of legislative sovereignty, this article argues that Norway’s wildlife policy is mostly dependent on clashes between national forces, rather than Norway conceding legislative powers to the international community. In other words, the tension between economic growth and ecosystem conservation determines how Norway implements IWL commitments. This article contributes to the literature on environmental regime effectiveness and the domestic impact of treaties.
Goyes, David Rodriguez (2022). The importance of stories in wildlife management. Ecological Management & Restoration. ISSN 1442-7001. 23(3). doi: 10.1111/emr.12567. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Storytelling shapes how we understand the world and act in it, including our interactions with nature. For instance, the oral stories Indigenous peoples around the world transmit from generation to generation about the sacred bond between humans and non-humans in the world establish a respectful relationship with ecosystems. However, we have yet to fully understand how stories shape conservation and restoration practices beyond Indigenous communities. In this article, I demonstrate the function of stories in impeding conservation and restoration as well as their potential in advancing conservation and restoration. I interviewed central stakeholders in Norway's wildlife management—activists, civil servants and parliamentarians—and interpreted their stories using narrative theory to analyse how their stories affected what they did in terms of wildlife management. Each cluster of stakeholders relies on different story sources for their work: activists invoke moral stories, civil servants convey scientific accounts and parliamentarians narrate episodes of power. By relying on these diverse sources of stories, I show that the three groups of stakeholders see the world as it relates to conservation and restoration differently from each other, diverge in their actions, and as a result fail to cooperate in wildlife management. The stories that stakeholders tell are telling. The policymaking implications of understanding the power of stories are significant: efficient conservation and restoration programmes require cooperation, but diverging narratives weaken the likelihood of this cooperation. Furthermore, while most governments around the world use international environmental treaties as the narrative source to guide their efforts in preventing the decimation of nature, none of the stakeholders in wildlife management I interviewed relied on this source in their storytelling. While my interviewees are Norwegian, my findings forefront the worldwide importance of stories in conservation and restoration practices.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Non-Speciecist Criminology. Wildlife Trade, and Animal Victimization. In Erez, Edna & Ibarra, Peter (Ed.), The Oxford Encyclopedia of International Criminology. Oxford University Press. ISSN 9780190883140. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Handelen med ville og eksotiske dyr i Norge: Død og pine? Miljøkrim : tidsskrift for miljøkriminalitet. ISSN 1501-5920. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Wildlife trade and law enforcement: A proposal for a remodelling of CITES incorporating species justice, ecojustice, and environmental justice. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology. ISSN 0306-624X. 66(9), p. 1017–1035. doi: 10.1177/0306624X221099492. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Handel med truede dyrearter og håndhevelse i Norge: foreløpige resultater fra CRIMEANTHROP. Miljøkrim : tidsskrift for miljøkriminalitet. ISSN 1501-5920. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). A Gendered Case File Analysis of Reptile Trafficking and Illegal Keeping in Norway. In Agu, Helen & Gore, Meredith (Ed.), Women and Wildlife Trafficking: Participants, Perpetrators and Victims. Routledge. ISSN 9780367640262. doi: 10.4324/9781003121831. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Introduction to the special issue of CRIMEANTHROP: Criminal Justice, wildlife conservation and animal rights in the ANTHROPOCENE. Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental. 12(1). doi: 10.17345/RCDA3112. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Introduction to Special Issue of CRIMEANTHROP: CriminaL Justice, Wildlife Conservation and Animal Rights in the Anthropocene
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). The development of the enforcement of CITES in Norway: Discretionary omissions and theriocides. Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental. 12(1). doi: 10.17345/rcda3086. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
The world is losing species at an alarming rate; the population sizes of wild mammals, birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles have dropped 68% since 1970. Much of this loss is caused by trade. This article discusses the development in the enforcement of CITES (Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species) in Norway through a longitudinal, qualitative approach. It is based on data collection done in several stages and traces how crimes of wildlife trade are addressed by law enforcement agencies. It finds that there is lax enforcement of CITES crimes in Norway, which connect to what can be called anthropocentric, discretionary harms of omission in law enforcement. Taking a species justice approach and based on a discussion of possible changes and development in enforcement in Norway, this article argues that this crime is still insufficiently prioritized by enforcement agencies. Weak points identified at the early stages of this research, such as deficient recording of CITES crimes and discretionary lack of priority of investigation, were still existent. The most serious weakness is the policy of euthanizing confiscated animals, which is a considerable breach of species justice.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Forskerens frihet og plikt til å tale dyrenes sak. In Pettersen, Arnfinn (Eds.), Ingen frihet uten ytringsfrihet. Humanist Forlag. ISSN 9788282822053. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S. B. (2021). “Humane Theriocides”: Traces of Compassion for Animals in the Norwegian Legal Discourse on Illegal Bear and Wolf Killings. Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental. 12(1). doi: 10.17345/rcda3085. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Wolves and brown bears are critically endangered in Norway. Their population is approximately 110 and 150 individuals, respectively, and is kept at these low numbers through licensed hunts. These animals are also vulnerable to illegal theriocides (killings of animals by humans), which poses a considerable threat to the species’ survival. The theriocides also harm individual animal victims and impinge on their intrinsic value. This article assesses whether a consideration of harm to the individual animals is part of the Norwegian courts’ problem definition and discourse order concerning such illegal hunts by developing and conducting a “critical green victimological discourse analysis” of verdicts. Moreover, the courts’ portrayals of the victims are assessed—by asking the question: do they acknowledge them as such, or continue the speciesist ideology of the Anthropocene, seeing animals mainly as commodities and components of nature?
Sollund, Ragnhild & Goyes, David Rodriguez (2021). State-organized crime and the killing of wolves in Norway. Trends in Organized Crime. ISSN 1084-4791. 24, p. 467–484. doi: 10.1007/s12117-021-09420-3. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Abstract While scholars of state crime and organized crime have frequently explored the intersection of these fields with green criminology, for the most part they have not brought the two together as organized state criminality as a means to explore environmental destruction. Of the few explorations of organized state green crime that do exist, most do not embrace a non-speciesist perspective. In this article, we develop a non-speciesist theory of organized state green crime to explain the Norwegian state-licensed killing of wolves, a phenomenon that we analyze through the use of the concept ideological inertia . Our main argument is that the underlying cultural, political and economic interests that were prioritized up to the 1970s in Norway continue to have a counteracting effect on the protection of large carnivores, which the country committed to as a signatory to the Bern Convention.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Green Criminology: Its Foundation in Critical Criminology and the Way Forward. The Howard Journal of Communications. ISSN 1064-6175. 60(3), p. 304–322. doi: 10.1111/hojo.12421. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
This article outlines the field of critical criminology and how its development was essential for the development of green criminology. Through a personal trajectory, I use my experiences first as a student and later as Professor of Criminology at the University of Oslo as an entry point. I draw on my involvement with the European Group for the Study of Deviance and Social Control to explore how critical criminology has influenced green critical criminology. Critical criminology, with its focus on the crimes of the powerful, is concerned with victims of injustice, and a social harm approach was, I argue, a necessary foundation for non-speciesist, green critical criminology. The article concludes by elucidating the challenges for a green critical non-speciesist criminology, which includes a presentation of my current research project, ‘Criminal justice, wildlife conservation and animal rights in the Anthropocene – CRIMEANTHROP’.
Goyes, David Rodriguez (2021). CONTENDING PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL WILDLIFE LAW: A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF CITES AND THE BERN CONVENTION. Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental. 12(1), p. 1–35. doi: 10.17345/rcda3051. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Most analyses of international wildlife law (IWL) focus on the specifics of implementing particular policies, while there is less engagement with the fundamental philosophies underpinning international conventions. In this article, I argue that a philosophical analysis can achieve a deeper understanding of IWL by helping to identify, assess and compare worldviews reflected in these instruments. Additionally, a philosophical analysis can make visible how international wildlife conventions shape human perceptions of and attitudes towards nature. Based on these premises, I subject two international wildlife conventions that are central to wildlife management in Europe, namely, the Bern Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), to philosophical scrutiny. I argue, first, that the philosophical underpinnings of these instruments are in contention, indicating that their policies might well counteract each other. Second, I postulate that the broad significance of this contention is that the resulting ambivalence when IWL instruments are involved in the same conversation and about the same territoriality results in such high discretional powers for states that they stop being bounded by the conventions’ substratum and can limit themselves to only following the formalities.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2020). Wildlife Crime: A Crime of Hegemonic Masculinity? Social Sciences. 9(6). doi: 10.3390/socsci9060093. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2019). Wildlife Management, Species Injustice and Ecocide in the Anthropocene. Critical Criminology. ISSN 1205-8629. p. 1–19. doi: 10.1007/s10612-019-09469-1. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2019). The Critical Criminologist: Spotlight. The Critical Criminologist: Spotlight. 27(2). Full text in Research Archive

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Sollund, Ragnhild & Lie, Martine S.B. (2024). Criminal Justice, Wildlife Conservation and Animal Rights in the Anthropocene. Bristol University Press. ISBN 9781529223354. 232 p. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
This book addresses one of today’s most urgent issues: the loss of wildlife and habitat, which together constitute an ecological crisis. Combining studies from different disciplines such as law, political science and criminology with a focus on animal rights, the chapters explore the successes and failures of the international wildlife conservation and trade treaties, CITES and the BERN Convention. While these conventions have played a crucial role in protecting endangered species from trade and in the rewilding of European large carnivores, the case studies in this book demonstrate huge variations in their implementation and enforcement across Europe. In conclusion, the book advocates for a non-anthropocentric policy approach to strengthen wildlife conservation in Europe.

View all works in NVA

Sollund, Ragnhild (2024). UNODC - Gendered Dimensions of Crimes that Affect the Environment. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild; Lie, Martine S.B.; Nurse, Angus & Maher, Jennifer (2024). Criminal Justice, Wildlife Conservation and Animal Rights in the Anthropocene, 2024, Sollund and Lie (eds.). Full text in Research Archive Show summary
This book published on Bristol University Press addresses one of today’s most urgent issues: the loss of wildlife and habitat, which together constitute an ecological crisis. Combining studies from different disciplines such as law, political science and criminology with a focus on animal rights, the chapters explore the successes and failures of the international wildlife conservation and trade treaties, CITES and the BERN Convention. While these conventions have played a crucial role in protecting endangered species from trade and in the rewilding of European large carnivores, the case studies in this book demonstrate huge variations in their implementation and enforcement across Europe. In conclusion, the book advocates for a non-anthropocentric policy approach to strengthen wildlife conservation in Europe. Critics: Jennifer Ann Maher, University of South Wales Angus Nurse, Anglia Ruskin University Book Editors: Martine S.B. Lie, University of Oslo; Dept. of Criminology and Sociology of Law Ragnhild Sollund, University of Oslo
Lie, Martine S.B. (2024). The “desperate hope”: Strategic litigation to save Norwegian wolves. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Norwegian wolves are hunted regularly with the Government’s blessing, even though the wolves are critically endangered and protected by international law. The hunts are meant to reduce a heated “wolf conflict” in Norway, by protecting hunters’, farmers’ and forest owners’ interests. Legal scholars have found the practice to be unlawful (Trouwborst, Fleurke, and Linnell 2017), and animal and environmental protection NGOs have contested several hunting decisions in court with varying results. I explore the NGOs’ motivation and expectations for the “wolf litigation” and whether they achieved what they were hoping for, through in-depth interviews with the plaintiffs and analysis of the verdicts and their political aftermath. Was the “wolf litigation” a worthwhile strategy? What are the prospects of strategic litigation to promote animal and nature protection in the Anthropocene?
Sollund, Ragnhild (2024). Hvilken beskyttelse har ville dyr som trues med utryddelse? Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2023). Smugling av dyr er milliardbutikk. [Radio]. NRK Ekko. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2023). Dyrisk: Kva er eit dyr? [Internet]. DAG OG TID podcast. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2023). Hvorfor skal slike dyr drepes? Dagsavisen. ISSN 1503-2892. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2023). Three dead parrots show need for proper ban on wildlife trade. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2023). Three dead parrots show need for proper ban on wildlife trade. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2023). Three dead parrots show need for proper ban on wildlife trade. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S.B. (2023). Er lovlig jakt mer «artsrettferdig» enn illegal jakt? En analyse av ulve- og bjørnejakt i Norge. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Ulv og brunbjørn er henholdsvis kritisk truet og truet i Norge, og vernet gjennom Bernkonvensjonen (the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats). Selv om Norge ratifiserte konvensjonen i 1979 blir ulv og bjørn stadig tatt av dage i Norge, blant annet under lisensjakt, illegal jakt og i nødverge, for å hindre dyrene i å angripe mennesker eller andre dyr. Jeg presenterer en komparativ analyse av norske domsavsigelser om ulovlig bjørne- og ulvejakt, og reguleringer og veiledninger for lovlig jakt. Analysen avdekker flere likheter mellom den lovlige og ulovlige jakten. Dette reiser spørsmål om hvorvidt den lovlige jakten kan rettferdiggjøres som mer «artsrettferdig» enn den ulovlige jakten, om man anlegger et bredt dyrevelferdsperspektiv—altså, fører lovlig jakt til mindre lidelse for ofrene enn illegal jakt? Jeg vil også evaluere om lidelsen for dyrene er del av domstolenes diskursorden angående illegal jakt. Anerkjenner domstolene dem som ofre i dommene, eller viderefører dommerne den spesiesistiske ideologien i Antropocen, hvor dyr hovedsakelig regnes som varer eller bestanddeler av naturen, og ikke individer?
Lie, Martine S.B. (2023). Legal mobilization on behalf of Norwegian wolves. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S.B. (2023). Uplanlagt illegal rovdyrjakt som «situasjonell handling». Full text in Research Archive Show summary
» Illegal jakt er en betydelig trussel mot ulv og bjørns overlevelse i Norge. Det er forsket mye på «tjuvjakt», mens spontane illegale rovdyrdrap har fått mindre oppmerksomhet. I denne presentasjonen undersøker jeg hvorfor slike rovdyrdrap skjer, basert på en analyse av dommer fra norske domstoler. Analysen tar utgangspunkt i «Situasjonell handlingsteori», og viser hvordan lovlig rovdyrjakt kan bidra til ulovlige rovdyrdrap. De domfelte ser også ut til å ha blitt påvirket av bekjente i handlingsøyeblikket.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Wildlife trade, law enforcement and a proposal for a radical shift in nature conservation. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild; Wyatt, Tanya; Stefes, Christoph; Goyes, David Rodríguez; Brisman, Avi & South, Nigel [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). CRIMEANTHROP. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Environmental Crime & Gender: Wildlife Crime and Gender. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Wildlife Trafficking, enforcement and species justice. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Grønn kriminologi. Nytt Norsk Tidsskrift (NNT). ISSN 0800-336X. 39(2), p. 166–170. doi: 10.18261/nnt.39.2.7. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Når jeg blir spurt om hva jeg forsker på, sier jeg at jeg forsker på grønn kriminologi, dernest spesifiserer jeg ved å si at jeg hovedsakelig forsker på handelen med truede dyrearter og annen skade mennesker påfører dyr. Dette feltet er i sterk utvikling, både med hensyn til problemstillinger og anvendelse.
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Panel: Criminal justice, Wildlife Conservation and Animal Rights in the Anthropocene: Findings. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). CRIMEANTHROP - panel and paper. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Wildlife Crime & Gender. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Keynote speech on wildlife trafficking and gender
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Presentation of findings from case study–Norway: Wildlife trafficking: Control, enforcement and species justice. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). To Curb Smuggling, Norway Has Been Killing Confiscated Wildlife. [Internet]. UNDARK. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Heksejakt på ulven. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Why Is Norway Killing Trafficked Wildlife? [Journal]. RealClear Science. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Mennesket – dyrenes beste venn? [Radio]. NRK Ekko. Full text in Research Archive
Reinhardt, Stefanie & Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). På tide med et oppgjør. Full text in Research Archive
Wyatt, Tanya & Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Presentation of findings from case study – UK. The implementation and enforcement of CITES and the Bern Convention. Full text in Research Archive
Stefes, Christoph & Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Presentation of findings from case study– Germany. The implementation and enforcement of CITES and the Bern Convention. Full text in Research Archive
Goyes, David Rodriguez & Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). State-organized crime and the killing of wolves in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
Fajardo, Teresa & Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Presentation of findings from case study–Spain. The implementation and enforcement of CITES and the Bern Convention. Full text in Research Archive
Goyes, David Rodriguez (2022). The importance of stories in wildlife management. Full text in Research Archive
Goyes, David Rodriguez (2022). The importance of stories in wildlife management. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Wildlife trafficking, enforcement and species justice - Invited speech for of Centre for Human/Animal Studies. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild; Stefes, Christoph & South, Nigel (2022). Panel: Criminal justice, Wildlife Conservation and Animal Rights in the Anthropocene: Findings from a Research Project. Paper: Wildlife Trafficking in Norway and the Enforcement of CITES: Trends from a Decade. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S. B. (2022). Project update. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2022). Roundtable presentation: Eating ET: Carnism, veganism and animal abuse. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). CRIMEANTHROP. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Ecocide/Speciesism: Revisiting Hierarchy in the Anthropocene. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). CRIMEANTHROP - panel and paper about wildlife trafficking. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Kontrollen med, og omfang av, illegal handel med truede dyrearter i Norge. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Foredrag fra forskningen om handelen med truede dyrearter
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Invited speech about wildlife trafficking. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Guest lecture on wildlife trafficking and animal abuse
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Hvilke rettigheter har dyr? [Radio]. NRK Ekko. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Bør dyr få universelle rettigheter? [Journal]. Morgenbladet. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Skjebnen til 25 ulver avgjøres denne uken. Når skal den norske naturkrigen ta slutt? Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Ny bok setter spørsmålstegn ved dyrs rettigheter. [Journal]. Nationen. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Dette er grunnene til at vi behandler noen dyr bra og andre så dårlig. Forskersonen.no. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Om innstilling til dyr. [Radio]. NRK Studio 2. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). HANDS OFF, MENNESKER. [Journal]. Klassekampen. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). How Animal Trafficking Became One of the Most Lucrative Industries on the Planet. [Internet]. Sentient. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Presentation of research from Norway: The Development of Enforcement of CITES in Norway: Discretionary Omissions and Theoricides. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Wildlife trade and crime. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Ulovlig handel med truede arter. Full text in Research Archive
Goyes, David Rodriguez (2021). Ratification, so what? The Norwegian adoption of international wildlife law. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S. B. (2021). Presentation of research from Norway: “Humane Theriocides”: Traces of Compassion for Animals in the Norwegian Legal Discourse on Illegal Bear and Wolf Killings. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Norge skyter ulv ulovlig. Kan vi da forvente at andre land tar vare på sine truede arter? Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Slipp dyrene fri, det er vår! Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2021). Hvor mye skal ulven tåle? Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild & Goyes, David Rodriguez (2021). Correction to: State‑organized crime and the killing of wolves in Norway (Trends in Organized Crime, (2021), 24, 4, (467-484), 10.1007/s12117-021-09420-3). Trends in Organized Crime. ISSN 1084-4791. 24(4), p. 485–485. doi: 10.1007/s12117-021-09427-w. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2020). Urix på lørdag. [Radio]. NRK URIX. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2020). Internasjonale konvensjoner rettferdiggjør handel med ville dyr. [Journal]. Apollon. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine S. B. (2020). An assessment of NGOs’ use of “lawfare” as a strategy to ensure compliance with the Bern Convention and protection of endangered large predators in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild & Topdahl, Rolv Christian (2020). Mener Kina ikke går langt nok i å forhindre en ny pandemi. [Journal]. NRK. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2019). Panel and launch of research project. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2019). Handel med ville dyr. [Radio]. NRK Verdibørsen. Full text in Research Archive
Lie, Martine Synnøve Bergersen (2019). Large predator management versus the intrinsic value of animals. Full text in Research Archive
Goyes, David Rodríguez (2019). Legal and moral foundations of CITES and Bern conventions: Priorities, conflicts and ambiguities. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild & Ystehede, Per Jørgen (2019). International conventions on the wrong track. [Internet]. Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2019). Troféjakt, konservering og etikk. [Journal]. Dagens Næringsliv. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2019). Ikke lat som om de er beskyttet. [Journal]. Dagsavisen. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2019). Crimeanthrope. Full text in Research Archive
Ystehede, Per Jørgen & Sollund, Ragnhild (2019). Internasjonale konvensjoner på villspor. [Internet]. Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild & Myrtveit, Aase Cathrine (2019). Handel med ville dyr. [Journal]. NRK. Full text in Research Archive
Sollund, Ragnhild (2018). Umoralsk norsk ulvejakt. Full text in Research Archive