Kristin Bergtora Sandvik

• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2023). Byrom og bevaring i Oslo: En kulturminnerettssosiologisk tilnærming. Nordic Journal of Urban Studies. ISSN 2703-8866. 3(2), s. 54–70. doi: 10.18261/njus.3.2.4.
• Jumbert, Maria Gabrielsen; Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora & Tjønn, Mathias Hatleskog (2023). If ‘it all breaks down’: The Norwegian refugee crisis as a geography of chaos. Environment & Planning. D, Society and Space. ISSN 0263-7758. 41(5), s. 1–19. doi: 10.1177/02637758231203822. Vis sammendrag

  How did the arrival of growing numbers of refugees and migrants in a non-violent setting and high-income country like Norway become framed as a ‘humanitarian crisis’ and with what consequences? In this article, we examine the framing and responses to the influx of refugees and other migrants to Norway in 2015–16, in and around Oslo and in the Arctic region of Storskog, along the Russian border. Our analysis draws on two theoretical contributions: work on ‘crisis and chaos’ and the idea of ‘chaotic geographies’, and work on the ‘humanitarian arena’ . Taking a tripartite approach, we study how time, space and different levels of response (citizen volunteers, established humanitarian actors and the state) contributed to the framing of the situation as a humanitarian crisis, and the consequences of this. We show that Norway is a political and geographical outlier, and that the state’s response to this ‘humanitarian crisis’ and potentially chaotic situation was seen as both appropriate and legitimate. We argue this helped ‘de-escalate’ the chaotic geography.

• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora & Westendorf, Jasmine-Kim (2023). Safeguarding Sex: The Technopolitics of Humanitarian Genomic Accountability. Global Studies Quarterly. ISSN 2634-3797. 3(2). doi: 10.1093/isagsq/ksad032.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2023). Transitional Justice in Post-terror Contexts: The Norwegian 22 July Memorial and the Ambiguity of Litigation. International Journal of Transitional Justice. ISSN 1752-7716. 17(2), s. 286–302. doi: 10.1093/ijtj/ijad012.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2023). Cultural Heritage and Legal Mobilisation After Terror: July 22 and the Battle for Y. Nordic Journal of Human Rights. ISSN 1891-8131. doi: 10.1080/18918131.2023.2223055.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora; Wærstad, Tone Linn & Taj, Farhat (2023). Legal Aid to Immigrant Women Revisited: Digital Economic Violence and Access to Justice in Norway. I Ikdahl, Ingunn; Sandberg, Kirsten; Stewart, Julie; Strand, Vibeke Blaker & Wærstad, Tone Linn (Red.), Hellums metode. Festskrift til Anne Hellum 70 år. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISSN 9788205582859. s. 253–265.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora; Bjørkhaug, Ingunn; Espegren, Astrid & Garnier, Adele (2022). Protecting skilled Afghan women: Brain save and the politics of vulnerability. Global Policy. ISSN 1758-5880. s. 1–11. doi: 10.1111/1758-5899.13166. Vis sammendrag

  Considering the Afghan evacuation of 2021 and its aftermath, this article suggests the term ‘brain save’ to characterise emerging protection discourses and practices concerning the resettlement of skilled women refugees. Resettlement has traditionally focused on women as vulnerable because of their gender. Drawing on examples of the evacuation and prospective resettlement of Afghan women professionals, the article develops the analytic concept of brain save to label these discourses and practices. Unlike ‘brain drain’, brain save challenges established politics of vulnerability and has progressive potential for resettlement as a durable solution. However, it also implies problematic prioritisation of particular resettlement candidates.

• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2022). The Ukrainian refugee crisis: Unpacking the politics of pet exceptionalism. International migration. ISSN 0020-7985. doi: 10.1111/imig.13100.
• Hellum, Anne; Skilbrei, May-Len & Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2022). Kjønn, makt og rett: Samfunnsfaglige perspektiver på og i kvinneretten . I Ikdahl, Ingunn; Hellum, Anne; Asland, John; Bruserud, Herman; Hjort, Maria Astrup; Jonassen, Bjørk Gudmundsdottir & Skilbrei, May-Len (Red.), Kjønn og rett. Kvinne-, kjønns- og likestillingsperspektiver i jusstudiet. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202669690. s. 361–392. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Kvinne-, kjønns- og likestillingsperspektiver på retten har en lang tradisjon som forskningsfelt på Det juridiske fakultet ved Universitetet i Oslo. Retten regulerer rettigheter og plikter, rettsvern og straff – den kan skape, opprettholde og endre samfunnets fordeling av makt og ressurser mellom individer og grupper. En viktig del av samfunnsoppdraget til juristutdanningen er å skape forståelse for hvordan rettslige strukturer, regler og avgjørelser kan føre til – eller motvirke – ulikhet og diskriminering. Denne boken bringer ulike typer kjønnsperspektiv inn i en rekke av fagene som inngår i rettsvitenskapen. Artiklene omfatter både privatrettslige og offentligrettslige emner, som familierett, forvaltningsrett, velferdsrett, avtalerett, selskapsrett og strafferett. Boken inneholder også kjønnsperspektiv på tverrgående fag som rettsfilosofi, rettssosiologi, kriminologi, rettsøkonomi og yrkesetikk for jurister. Kjønn og rett: Kvinne-, kjønns- og likestillingsperspektiver i jusstudiet er skrevet primært med tanke på jusstudenter, men er relevant for alle som interesserer seg for forholdet mellom juss, kjønn, samfunn og politikk.

• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2021). Digital Refugee Lawyering: Risk, Legal Knowledge, and Accountability. Refugee Survey Quarterly. ISSN 1020-4067. 40(4), s. 414–432. doi: 10.1093/rsq/hdab013.
• de Lauri, Antonio & Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2021). Public Anthropology in the Digital Era. I Callan, Hilary & Coleman, Simon (Red.), The International Encyclopedia of Anthropology. John Wiley & Sons. ISSN 9781118924396. doi: https:/doi.org/10.1002/9781118924396.wbiea2505.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2021). Refugees and the Scope for Mandatory COVID-19 Vaccination. Cornell international law journal. ISSN 0010-8812. 54, s. 16–20.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora & Ikdahl, Ingunn (2021). COVID-19: Towards a Digital Fragmentation of the Right to Education? Yale Journal of International Law. ISSN 0889-7743.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2021). The digital transformation of refugee governance. I Costello, Cathryn; Foster, Michelle & McAdam, Jane (Red.), The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law. Oxford University Press. ISSN 9780198848639. doi: 10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0057.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2021). The Norwegian COVID-19 Tracing App Experiment: Lessons for Governance and Civic Activism. IEEE technology & society magazine. ISSN 0278-0097. 40(3), s. 66–73. doi: 10.1109/MTS.2021.3101824.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora; Ikdahl, Ingunn & Lohne, Kjersti (2021). Rettens rolle etter 22. juli: Minnearbeid, overlevende og gjenoppbygging. Norsk sosiologisk tidsskrift. ISSN 2535-2512. 5(3), s. 28–45. doi: 10.18261/issn.2535-2512-2021-03-03. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Mens de straffe- og sikkerhetsrettslige aspektene ved terrorangrepet 22. juli 2011 har vært grundig belyst i sakprosa og faglitteratur, har rettens mer generelle rolle i møte med 22. juli ikke blitt gjenstand for samme oppmerksomhet. Denne artikkelen skisserer en rettssosiologisk forskningsagenda ved å kartlegge de rettslige virkningene av 22. juli i lys av rettens møte med overlevende, minnearbeid og gjenoppbygging. Vi viser hvordan den norske staten og rettsapparatet i all hovedsak ser ut til å velge ordinære virkemidler i respons til det ekstraordinære 22. juli. Vi er interessert i hvordan retten fordeler ressurser og overprøver offentlige inngrep i sin reaksjon på 22. juli, og hvordan ulike aktører setter retten i spill i kampen om den autoritative fortellingen om 22. juli. På tross av at rettsliggjøring og rettslig mobilisering kan styrke rettigheter, viser våre foreløpige analyser at rettsliggjøringsprosesser også bidrar til å konsolidere sosiale og politiske konfliktlinjer, og kan vanskeliggjøre forsoningsprosesser i etterkant av 22. juli. Således er artikkelens formål å bidra til økt forståelse av rettens og rettssosiologiens rolle i møte med ekstraordinære hendelser og av 22. juli som en rettslig begivenhet med konsekvenser for det norske samfunnet.

• Borchgrevink, Kaja Christine Andersen & Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2021). The afterlife of buzzwords: the journey of rights-based approaches through the humanitarian sector. International Journal of Human Rights. ISSN 1364-2987. s. 1–21. doi: 10.1080/13642987.2021.1916476.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2020). Barn, korona og dobbeltdugnaden. Nytt Norsk Tidsskrift. ISSN 0800-336X.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora & Lohne, Kjersti (2020). The struggle against sexual violence in conflict: Investigating the digital turn. International Review of the Red Cross. ISSN 1816-3831. 102(913), s. 95–115. doi: 10.1017/S1816383121000060.

Se alle arbeider i Cristin

• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2023). Humanitarian extractivism The digital transformation of aid. Manchester University Press. ISBN 9781526165831. 153 s.

Se alle arbeider i Cristin

• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2023). Session 6: The future of technology, design and innovation in humanitarian action (with Q&A).
• Liden, Kristoffer; Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora; Fast, Larissa; Hayes, Ben; Jumbert, Maria Gabrielsen & Lindskov Jakobsen, Katja [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Risks and responsibilities in the digital transformation of humanitarian action Rountable.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora & Bjørkhaug, Ingunn (2023). Afghan Resettlment Revisited.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2023). Transitional Justice after Empire? The Politics of Peace and Justice Revisited.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2023). TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE: FOR A SHARED PEDAGOGY OF HOPE.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2023). Transitional justice after empire: The politics of memory holes, doublethink and a shared future-time .
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2023). Who shapes global narratives in today’s AI-enabled world?
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2023). Taking stock: Generative AI, humanitarian action, and the aid worker. Global Policy Opinion (blog).
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora & Liden, Kristoffer (2023). Ungovernable or humanitarian experimentation? Generative AI as an accountability issue. Global Policy Opinion (blog).
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora & Jumbert, Maria Gabrielsen (2023). AI in aid: Framing conversations on humanitarian policy. Global Policy Opinion (blog).
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2023). Transitional Justice in Post-terror Contexts: The Norwegian 22 July Memorial and the Ambiguity of Litigation.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2023). Generative AI and humanitarianism.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2023). The Digital Body: The Specter of Harms.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2023). Understanding Digital Risk Is Central for Human-Centered Approaches to Cybersecurity. Vis sammendrag

  Cybersecurity and human rights are global issues that require dedicated international cooperation. The conference ‘People, Confidence, Resilience: Building Cyber Security For All’ was held to mark the 10th anniversary of the OSCE cyberspace confidence-building measures adoption. North Macedonia hosted the global gathering its capital, Skopje, from 23 to 24 October. The conference brought together a host of government officials, diplomats and experts working on cyber-security from across Europe. Noting that ‘Cybersecurity has become a crucial tool in protecting individuals' freedom of expression and other fundamental human rights in the online world,’ the session ‘Its About People’ convened representatives of the Ukrainian Ministry of Digital transformation; the international press freedom association Free Press Unlimited; the Office of the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media; the Metamorphosis Foundation, North Macedonia and PRIO Research Professor Kristin Bergtora Sandvik. Focusing on digital risk and the centralization of cyber vulnerabilities in the humanitarian sector, Sandvik argued that more attention must be given to how organizations understand and balance digitalization and risk. Sandvik discussed how risk is justified in a context where people receiving humanitarian aid have a de facto duty of visibility with respect to acquiescing to give humanitarian actors and states access to images, information and biometrics. “People and communities in crisis have little say, or access, to knowledge about how this data is used, stored, shared, deleted or unlawfully accessed. The allocation and mitigation of digital risk must be taken into account. To develop a better understanding of the human rights aspects of cybersecurity,” said Sandvik. https://www.prio.org/news/3479

• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2023). (DE)GLOBALISERING, SAMFUNNSSIKKERHET OG DIGITAL ID.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2023). The legal accountability concerning the 22 July, Kongsberg, and Pride terror attacks.
• Reinertsen, Marianne & Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2023). Jusspodden om droner. [Internett]. Jusspodden. Vis sammendrag

  Jusspodden diskuterer de siste arrestasjonene for dronebruk og hvilke regler som gjelder om man vil fly hobbydrone.

• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora & Ikdahl, Ingunn (2023). De rettslige ringvirkningene av 22. juli. Vis sammendrag

  Studier Bli student Åpen dag Miniforelesninger og aktiviteter På Åpen dag kan du delta på over 100 miniforelesninger fra alle studieprogrammene på Universitetet i Oslo. Møt underviserne som er best i sine fagfelt og få spennende smakebiter på studieprogrammene som engasjerer deg! Alle Aktiviteter UiO-forelesninger Jus og kriminologi Realfag og teknologi Helsefag og medisin Samfunnsfag, økonomi og psykologi Historie, filosofi og kulturstudier Mediefag Språk, litteratur og områdekunnskap Honours-programmet Estetiske studier og musikkvitenskap Religion og teologi Pedagogiske fag og Lektorprogrammet Antall treff: 1 Det rettslige oppgjøret etter terrorangrepet 22. juli 2011 knyttes ofte til straffesaken som ble avgjort i august 2012. Men retten har spilt mange ulike roller i etterkant. Den rammer inn hvordan vi som fellesskap minnes det som hendte, og velferdsstaten er viktig for både overlevende og etterlatte. Hva sier dette om rettens muligheter og begrensninger for å skape rettferdighet etter terror?

• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2023). Ukrainian refugees and pet exceptionalism: the need for a critical conversation. RLI Blog on Refugee Law and Forced Migration. Vis sammendrag

  When the war in Ukraine started in February 2022, the rescue and protection of pets almost immediately became part of the humanitarian narrative of the conflict. Globally, there has been an unprecedented open-door policy on companion animals from Ukraine—a high-risk country for rabies—in terms of legal allowances, quarantine facilities and veterinary services. This approach was motivated by biosecurity considerations, i.e., the need to avoid cross-border smuggling of potentially risky animals – but also by the public support for the Ukrainian people, and the acknowledgement of the emotional bonds between humans and their pets as an attribute of 21st century culture. In a new article in International Migration called The Ukrainian refugee crisis: Unpacking the politics of pet exceptionalism, I draw on a six months desk study (February-August 2022) of Norway and the UK to flesh out some initial reflections around this issue. In the article, I note the puzzling near-absence of public and academic debate around this pet exceptionalism.

• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora; Fast, Larissa; Jacobsen, Katja Lindskov & Jumbert, Maria Gabrielsen (2022). Box E: Digital do no harm. I ALNAP, ANAP (Red.), The State of the Humanitarian System. . ALNAP. s. 196–198. Vis sammendrag

  Do no digital harm has emerged as an important humanitarian imperative. Crisis-affected populations are often required to give personal data to aid agencies in exchange for assistance and protection, and usually have little say or control over how this is used. Where aid agencies produce large bodies of data on crisis-affected people as part of increasingly data-driven assistance practices, attendant risks and new forms of harm are emerging from how digital data is stored, accessed and shared.

• Mena, Rodrigo & Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2022). Humanitarismo digital en una guerra cinética: El caso de Ucrania. El Instituto de Estudios sobre Conflictos y Acción Humanitaria (IECAH).
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2022). Solidarity in Humanitarian Assistance: Resettlement of Refugees in Ukraine.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora & Garnier, Adele (2022). https://rli.blogs.sas.ac.uk/2022/03/04/forced-displacement-from-ukraine-notes-on-humanitarian-protection-and-durable-solutions/. RLI Blog on Refugee Law and Forced Migration.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2022). Jusspodden: Selvkjørende biler. [Internett]. Jusspodden.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2022). Re-envisioning RoI in EU research initiatives: leveraging the HBP experience for EBRAINS . ETHICS DIALOGUES.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2022). The War on Covid-19 and the Protection of Civilians: unpacking the politics of mandatory vaccination.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2022). Åpenhet og innsyn i krisetider?
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2022). Ethical Challenges Associated with the Protection of Pets in War. Bill of Health blog.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2022). Ukraine: How can we protect animals when we can’t even protect humans? sciencenorway.no.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2022). Pets and Humanitarian Borders. Border Criminologies Blog.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora & Mena, Rodrigo (2022). Digital Humanitarianism in a Kinetic War: Taking Stock of Ukraine. Global Policy Opinion (blog).
• Bjørkhaug, Ingunn & Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2022). Review Essay: Refugees as Economic Agents in Protection Systems. International Migration Review. ISSN 0197-9183. doi: 10.1177/01979183221098.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2022). Dagsnytt 18: Breivik-rettssak starter.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2022). Rettens styrke mot terroren er det ekstraordinært vanlige. Morgenbladet. ISSN 0805-3847.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2022). Rettsstatens svar på terroren. VG : Verdens gang. ISSN 0805-5203.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora; Houge, Anette Bringedal & Laugerud, Solveig (2022). When Terrorists Mobilize Law: Reflections on justice and closure after July 22. PRIO Blogs.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora; Ikdahl, Ingunn; Lohne, Kjersti; Vestad, Maja; Sørlie, Anniken & Moe-Pryce, Marit (2022). Law after July 22, 2011: Survivors, Memory and Reconstruction. PRIO Paper. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  ​While the criminal law and security governance aspects of the July 22 terror attack in Norway have been extensively analyzed in the academic literature, much less attention has been given to processes involving civil law, legal mobilization and legal-bureaucratic processes. ​The slow workings of the law mean that the aftermath of July 22 is still unfolding in different legal processes. This PRIO paper carves out a socio-legal research agenda intended to bridge the aforementioned knowledge gap. In so doing, it identifies various aspects of how the law deals with survivors, their families and the bereaved. It also addresses the legal debates over memorials and the reconstruction and securitization of the Norwegian Government Quarter. We argue that in choosing between extraordinary and ordinary legal mechanisms and instruments to deal with the terror attack, the state and the legal system have opted for the latter. This emphasis on “ordinary law” must be investigated. We are interested in how law distributes resources, rights and identities and sets limits on government interventions – and how individual actors and organizations mobilize the law to shape the political, popular and legal narratives around July 22.

• Vestad, Maja & Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2021). The nation as memorial cartography: mapping commemorative sites outside the canon.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora & Vestad, Maja (2021). Transitional Justice and Contested Memorialization after Terror: The Norwegian 22 July Attacks.
• de Bengy Puyvallée, Antoine ; Jumbert, Maria Gabrielsen; Browning, Christopher; Marklund, Carl & Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2021). Nordic peace, humanitarianism, and welfare model.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2021). The politics of no-excess mortality: reflections on the knock-on effects of lockdowns, social death and amplified vulnerability.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora & Jacobsen, Katja Lindskov (2021). Abandoned Digital Bodies/Skilled Afghan women and resettlement .
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora & Westendorf, Jasmine-Kim (2021). The co-production of children’s health data through buzzwords: The problematic relationship between Safeguarding and consumer genomics. Vis sammendrag

  The co-production of children’s health data through buzzwords: The problematic relationship between Safeguarding and consumer genomics Submitted by Kristin Bergtora Sandvik For panel Taking ideology out of humanitarianism?

• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2021). The digital turn and CRSV: On interventions, data extraction and empowerment. Vis sammendrag

  The digital turn and CRSV: On interventions, data extraction and empowerment Submitted by Kristin Bergtora Sandvik For panel ProTECt - Community interventions and technological avenues against Sexual Exploitation, Abuse and Harassment (SEAH) Digital technological innovations make new types of responses to conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) possible, bringing with them both potential promises and pitfalls. The paper explores two issues: First, how does - and can - the digital turn shape the struggle against CRSV? To begin to answer this question, the paper maps out the role of digital technologies in a cycle of intervention, including prevention of, response to, documentation of and accountability for CRSV. Second, how can we balance data extraction with user empowerment and meaningful participation? The paper problematizes the trend towards data extraction in exchange for aid, protection and justice, and argues for the importance of complementing technology driven approaches to the struggle against CRSV with the inclusion of strategies for user participation and investment in digital literacy as key aspects of the response. The paper draws on Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora, and Kjersti Lohne. "The struggle against sexual violence in conflict: Investigating the digital turn." International Review of the Red Cross 102.913 (2020): 95-115.

• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2021). Digital lawyering for refugees: the humanitarian accountability perspective . Vis sammendrag

  This paper explores how the digital transformation of humanitarianism, and the refugee regime reshapes refugee lawyering. Much refugee lawyering is based on a traditional understanding of legal protection – and a focus on legal aid, law reform advocacy and specific protection procedures (such as refugee status determination). Refugee lawyering must now grapple with the challenges offered by the digital transformation of international protection. This entails identifying emergent protection issues and how they relate to the law and legal claims. To that end, the paper puts forward suggestions regarding the risks of the digital transformation as it pertains to the humanitarian space, the refugee management infrastructure and refugee lawyering. The paper also considers its implications for legal knowledge and the possibility that law may be ‘displaced’ by technology. The paper concludes by discussing what it means for refugee lawyering and for being accountable to the norms and values of rule of law standards, international protection, and to individual clients

• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora; Espegren, Astrid & Bjørkhaug, Ingunn (2021). Emergency resettlement of professional Afghan women: the rise of a new protection category? Vis sammendrag

  Emergency resettlement of professional Afghan women: the rise of a new protection category? Submitted by Astrid Espegren, Ingunn Bjørkhaug and Kristin Bergtora Sandvik For panel Refugee Social Integration: Resettlement, Protection & Europe With Adele Garnier, Ingunn Bjørhaug and Astrid Espegren The emergency evacuations from Afghanistan are characterized by an unprecedented focus on protecting professional and educated women. While this is perhaps mainly resulting from the legacy of Taliban and the need to salvage something from a humiliating end to two decades of military presence, this shift has progressive potential for resettlement as a durable solution. To harness the potential of this shift in discourse, attention must be given to how this re-calibration of vulnerability, deservingness and protection reshape interventions. The tradeoffs involved must also be considered, for example with respect to who may have less access to resettlement. To contribute to a critical conversation, the paper raises three/ issues: Does this new focus on women represent a shift from perceiving woman as vulnerable due to lack of protection and lack of resources to perceiving women as vulnerable due to their competence and experience? Will using “brain save” as an argument (as opposed to “brain drain”) make it easier to legitimize the resettlement of female professionals, even among those who advocate for resettlement of the most vulnerable? What are the implications for how gender is used in the instrumentalization of resettlement/resettlement as multilateralism?

• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora; Liden, Kristoffer & Fast, Larissa (2021). Roundtable: The Ethics of Humanitarian Technology: Looking Back & Taking Stock. Vis sammendrag

  Roundtable: The Ethics of Humanitarian Technology: Looking Back & Taking Stock Chair: Kristoffer Liden Participants: Katja Lindskov Jacobsen, Larissa Fast, Ning Wang, Kristin Bergtora Sandvik and Nathaniel Raymond, TBD Increasingly, in fields of global governance grappling with the regulation of emergent technologies (cyberspace, AI, robots) there is talk of an ethics fatigue, and of ethics washing. Tech ethics is criticized for being an escape from binding regulation; as lacking in sanctions, unable to deal with violations, misframed and oblivious to military and corporate power structures; and as produced through un-representative and insufficiently inclusive and participatory processes with little attention to the quality and coherence of ethical principles and their articulation. What does this mean for a field of practice which has in recent years embraced ethics as a way to deal with the consequences of humanitarian technology, the rise of the innovation paradigm and more recently the wholesale digital transformation of the sector? The roundtable reflects on what ethics has managed to deliver – and has the capacity to deliver in the future.

• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora & Jumbert, Maria Gabrielsen (2021). Roundtable: Humanitarian Innovation: Have We Come Full Circle? Vis sammendrag

  Roundtable: Humanitarian Innovation: Have We Come Full Circle? Chair: Maria Gabrielsen Jumbert Participants: Robin Mays, Paul Currion, Kristin Bergtora Sandvik, Stuart Campo The humanitarian field has always innovated and worked to adapt new technology to its own challenges . However, a commonly identified point of departure for the emergence of a humanitarian innovation ecosystem is the publication of the ALNAP study on innovation in international humanitarian action in 2009. Since then, innovation has emerged as a central vehicle for improvement and iteration in the humanitarian sector – and as a door opener for intense engagement with private sector actors. Quickly attaining the status of a buzzword, the mention of “humanitarian innovation” in donor speeches, policy documents, and media coverage has proliferated, and United Nations (UN) agencies, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and philanthropic foundation and donors have launched labs, funding schemes, and hubs on humanitarian innovation. In practice, ‘humanitarian innovation’ is appropriated by the humanitarian sector as a series of piecemeal projects directed at ‘fixing’ the system, making it better, faster, stronger and more secure. This roundtable discusses whether we have now come full circle: what did we learn? Is it time to abandon the focus on innovation? What is the alternative?

• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2021). The Politics of Digital Humanitarianism.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2021). Law and Technology in the Everyday: Technocolonialism and Refugee Lawyering Revisited.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2021). Remembering 22 July: Litigating Memorials. PRIO Blogs.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2021). 11. september som rammefortelling: Kan vi slippe den nå? Khrono.no. ISSN 1894-8995.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2021). The EU Digital Vaccine Passport as a Social Justice Issue: Problems, solutions, and questions. Global Policy Opinion (blog).
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora; Bjørkhaug, Ingunn; Espegren, Astrid & Garnier, Adele (2021). The Educated Refugee Woman. An Emerging Resettlement Category? Global Policy Opinion (blog).
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora; Graver, Hans Petter & Smith, Peter Scharff (2021). The Pomp of Popular Constitutional Outrage. Verfassungsblog. ISSN 2366-7044.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2021). Overgangsrettferdighet etter terrorangrep - et rettslig problem?
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2021). Regjeringskvartalets politiske økonomi: en oversikt.
• Skaar, Elin; Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora & Tønnessen, Liv (2021). Addressing Sexual Violence: Technology and Truth Commissions. Vis sammendrag

  Panel at Bergen Exchanges 2021 (Wednesday 18 August 2021 11:15-12:15) (livestreamed and avaiable at LawTransform webpage) Addressing Sexual Violence: Technology and Truth Commissions Sexual violence is an intractable problem, not least in humanitarian settings. This roundtable takes a critical look at how this issue is addressed by the international community. The first part of the discussion addresses the turn towards technology as a current trend in humanitarian aid. What should we think about the interface between technology and the fight against conflict-related sexual violence? What are the potential challenges that might emerge from the use of wearable digital technology for combating sexual violence? The second part of the event discusses the role of truth commissions in addressing sexual violence post-conflict. How is this done, and to what effect? Roundtable participants: Kristin Sandvik (Professor of Law, UiO); Elin Skaar (Senior Researcher, CMI) Moderator: Liv Tønnessen (Senior Researcher, CMI) This roundtable is a collaboration with the Norwegian Center for Humanitarian Studies and the new CMI/LawTransform RCN project on Truth Commission and Sexual Violence.

• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2021). Rettslig mobilisering og byråkratiske irrganger: deltagelse, demokrati og jussens begrensninger.
• Hjorth, Ingeborg Arntine Heitmann & Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2021). Memory Wound og Utøykaia: minnearbeid som konflikt.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2021). Ord skaper verden - om en jussprofessors makt og ansvar. Khrono.no. ISSN 1894-8995.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2021). On Words and World-Making: Law professors, power and responsibility.
• Jore, Sissel Haugdal; Kruke, Bjørn Ivar; Olsen, Odd Einar Falnes & Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2021). After The bomb: The Securitization of the Norwegian Government Quarters 2011-2021.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora & Jore, Sissel Haugdal (2021). 49- Rebuilding and Security After a Terrorist Attack: 22 July in Oslo. [Internett]. PRIO's Peace in a Pod.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora & Hjorth, Ingeborg Arntine Heitmann (2021). 50- Ten Years After 22 of July: Memory and Memorialization. [Internett]. PRIO's Peace in a Pod.
• Ikdahl, Ingunn & Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2021). 22. juli. [Internett]. Jusspodden, Moderne media. Vis sammendrag

  Det er 10 år siden terrorangrepene 22.juli 2011. 77 mennesker ble drept I angrepene på Utøya og i Regjeringskvartalet, og altfor mange mennesker ble skadet eller mistet noen de var glade i. Regjeringskvartalet ble ødelagt, og det ble store økonomiske kostnader. Og i møte med de forferdelige konsekvensene av 22.juli angrepene, en helt ekstraordinær hendelse i vårt samfunn – hva er jussens rolle i møte med dette? Hvordan har retten håndtert og møtt 22.juli – og kan jussen bidra til heling av samfunnet etter slike hendelser? Og i så fall hvordan? Jussprofessorene Ingunn Ikdahl og Kristin Bergtora Sandvik forteller om overgangsrettferdighet og jussens begrensninger i dagens episode. De leder et forskningsprosjekt om 22.juli ved Det juridiske fakultet i Oslo.

• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora; Dugard, Jackie; Krutzinna, Jenny; Rosenberg, Anette Ringen; Otiene, Andrew & Tindstad, Marie [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Rethinking digitalization and the right to education post-COVID-19.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora & Lintvedt, Mona Naomi (2021). Digital pandemic governance and the making of COVID-19 passports: ethical and legal perspectives .
• Befring, Anne Kjersti Cecelia & Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2021). PODCAST UIO: Vi trenger en offentlig samtale om hva vaksinepass skal brukes til.
• Graver, Hans Petter; Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora; Nylund, Anna & Lintvedt, Mona Naomi (2021). Stortinget må vedta en ny lov dersom koronasertifikat skal innføres. Juridika Innsikt. Vis sammendrag

  Arbeidet med den tekniske løsningen for et koronasertifikat er i full gang og myndighetene tenker å lansere den forenklede utgaven av koronasertifikatet i mai. Helsedirektoratet, Folkehelseinstituttet, Direktoratet for e-helse og Norsk helsenett SF utvikler sertifikatet slik at den tekniske løsningen er på plass innen regjeringen har vurdert og besluttet hva koronasertifikatet kan brukes til. Koronasertifikater er tenkt å inngå i europeisk samarbeid for å bidra til en trygg gjenåpning av Europa. Bruken av sertifikatene vil reguleres av nasjonale myndigheter i de ulike landene. Myndighetene ser ut til å ha oversett at det er Stortinget som må beslutte om innføring av et koronasertifikat og hva det kan brukes til. Dette viser at det fortsatt er slik, som påpekt av koronakommisjonen, at verken regjeringen eller sentrale forvaltningsorganer har spesielt mye oppmerksomhet rettet mot de overordnete prinsippene som omkranser rettsstaten. Resultatet kan bli at koronasertifikatet ikke kan innføres i mai som planlagt.

• Lintvedt, Mona Naomi & Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2021). Vi trenger en høring om digitale vaksinepass . Rett24. Vis sammendrag

  Digitale vaksinepass reiser store prinsipielle spørsmål. Derfor haster det med å få holdt en åpen høringsrunde, skriver artikkelforfatterne.

• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora & Lintvedt, Mona Naomi (2021). The role of law and the rule of law in Covid-19 tracing apps: Smittestopp revisited .
• Kaufmann, Mareile; Syse, Henrik; Einevoll, Gaute & Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2020). Digital Brains: Neuroscience, Philosophy and Law in Conversation.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora; Fast, Larissa & Jacobsen, Katja Lindskov (2020). Digital Bodies in aid: from cradle to grave.
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora & Jacobsen, Katja Lindskov (2020). TikTok and the War on Data: Great Power Rivalry and Digital Body Counts. Global Policy Opinion (blog).
• Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora & Holst, Cathrine (2020). 10 år etter 22.juli: Trenger vi et nytt oppgjør med terroren som rammet Norge? [Internett]. Universitetsplassen.
• Sefton, Therese; Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora & Jumbert, Maria Gabrielsen (2020). Korona som dobbeltkrise for det nordiske samarbeidet: en politisk-sosiologisk tilnærming. sosiologen.no.
• Sefton, Therese; Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora & Jumbert, Maria Gabrielsen (2020). Hva skjer med Svenskegrensen? Forskersonen.no.
• Paragi, Beáta & Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2022). Digital Risks in Disaster Situations. Bündnis Entwicklung Hilft; Ruhr University Bochum – Institute for International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict (IFHV).
• Brekke, Jan-Paul; Paasche, Erlend; Espegren, Astrid & Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora (2021). Selection Criteria in Refugee Resettlement. Balancing vulnerability and future integration in eight resettlement countries. Institutt for samfunnsforskning. ISSN 978-82-7763-702-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In this report, we analyze resettlement programs for refugees in eight countries, highlighting the similarities and differences regarding their selection criteria and practices. In addition to Norway, the study includes Australia, the United Kingdom (UK), Canada, France, Germany, Sweden, and the Netherlands. Based on more than 50 in-depth interviews with Norwegian civil servants, non-governmental organization (NGO) representatives, UNHCR staff, and governmental representatives from the countries included in the comparative analysis—along with document studies and an international ad-hoc query—we find that all countries wrestle with balancing principles and pragmatism in their selection practices. That is, although they aim to select those refugees who are most vulnerable, they are also taking into consideration the refugees’ future integration or, at least, ability to cope in the host society. We conclude the report by providing a number of policy recommendations for consideration by Norwegian authorities, based on the data presented in this study and on a review of guidelines and practices in the other seven case countries.

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